软件技术和软件产业是伴随着计算机技术和计算机产业而产生和发展的。所谓“软件”是相对“硬件”而言的。“硬件”指的是构成电子计算机系统的中央处理机、外围设备及其他各种专用设备。“软件”则是根据人们设计的目标,实现作业自动化,在硬件里安装的事先设计的程序,按着作业要求一步步地执行规定的动作。这些程序的集合及设计思路、使用手册和维护 Software technology and software industry are accompanied by computer technology and computer industry. The so-called “software” is relative to “hardware”. “Hardware” refers to a central processor, a peripheral device, and various other specialized devices that constitute an electronic computer system. “Software” is based on people’s design goals, to automate operations, install pre-designed programs in hardware, and perform prescribed actions step by step according to job requirements. The collection of these programs and design ideas, manuals and maintenance