论文部分内容阅读
目的了解上海地区１～６岁儿童血铅水平现状及其影响因素。方法采用严格质量控制的流行病学研究方法，于１９９７年８～９月对上海地区１９６７例３个月～６岁儿童进行血铅水平测定，并对其个人情况及家庭生活环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果儿童血铅水平均数为９６μｇ／Ｌ（１μｇ／Ｌ＝０．００４８３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ），其中高于目前国际公认的儿童铅中毒诊断标准１００μｇ／Ｌ的比例是３７．８％。儿童血铅水平存在显著的地域差异，工厂密集的杨浦区最高，地处海岛、以农业为主的崇明县最低，两地区均数分别为１１２μｇ／Ｌ和８４μｇ／Ｌ；儿童每日在马路上时间长、家庭社会经济状况（ＳＥＳ）差、父亲吸烟数量多、儿童饮用罐头饮料的频度高等是儿童血铅水平升高的主要危险因素。结论目前上海地区儿童血铅水平及儿童铅中毒的流行率已经较高，应该引起高度关注。
Objective To understand the prevalence of blood lead levels and its influencing factors in children aged 1 ~ 6 years in Shanghai. Methods A strict quality control epidemiological method was used to measure blood lead levels in 1967 children aged 3 months to 6 years old in Shanghai from August to September in 1997. The related factors such as personal circumstances and family living environment were determined Questionnaire. Results The mean level of blood lead in children was 96 μg / L (1 μg / L = 0.00483 μmol / L), of which 37.8% was higher than the currently accepted diagnostic criteria for childhood lead poisoning of 100 μg / L. There was a significant regional difference in blood lead levels among children. The factory-intensive Yangpu District was the highest and was located in the island. The lowest was agriculture-based Chongming County, with the average of 112 μg / L and 84 μg / L in both regions. Children were on the road daily A long time, poor socioeconomic status (SES), a large number of fathers smoking, and high frequency of children’s canned drinks are major risk factors for elevated blood lead levels in children. Conclusions At present, the prevalence of blood lead levels and lead poisoning in children in Shanghai is already high, which deserves great attention.