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一、引言纳撒尼尔·霍桑是19世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家,在文学史上占有非常重要的地位。《红字》是霍桑的代表作,“是一部包含着心酸眼泪的文学作品,它倾注了作者的一腔真情,令人读罢眼热、心酸,总有一丝丝忧伤在脑际萦回”~([1])。从一般意义上说,文学作品是受特定的社会历史环境及文化氛围影响的。然而霍桑的主要经历并未给他的创作提供多少文学素材,霍桑将注意力转向过去,借助想象去挖掘历史上对创作有益的素材。“他主要是通过观察和聆听别人的谈话来收集素材。”~([2])码头边年长的水手、乡村的农夫、酒馆的闲聊者、市井的女人都是他收集素材的对象。他们的话题富有传奇色彩。几年后,霍桑将所有这些都
I. Introduction Nathaniel Hawthorne was a great American romantic novelist in the 19th century and occupies a very important position in the history of literature. “The Scarlet Letter” is the representative of Hawthorne. “It is a literary work that contains sad tears. It is devoted to the truth of the author and makes me feel sad. There is always a trace of sadness lurking in my mind.” “ ([1]). In a general sense, literary works are influenced by the specific social and historical environment and cultural atmosphere. However, Hawthorne’s main experience did not provide much literary material for his creation. Instead, Hawthorne turned his attention to the past and used his imagination to dig through the historical material that is beneficial to the creation. He mainly collects material by observing and listening to other people’s conversations. ”The elder mariners at the dockside, the rural farmer, the pub chatters, and the urban women are the objects of his collection . Their story is legendary. A few years later, Hawthorne will have all of these