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Abstract Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. is a perennial herb of Laportea in Urticaceae. At present, more than 90 compounds have been isolated from L. bulbifera, mainly including flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic acids, esters, ketones, phenylpropanoids and steroids, which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic, immunosuppressive, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering pharmacological effects. This article summarized the research progress of the pharmacological effects and the chemical constituents of L. bulbifera in recent years, hoping to provide references for its further research and development.
Key words Laportea bulbifera; Chemical composition; Pharmacological effects
Received: March 5, 2021 Accepted: May 6, 2021
Supported by Research Fund of Guangxi Colleges and Universities (YB2014192); Guangxi Key R&D Program (GK AB19110027); High-level Innovation Team and Outstanding Scholars Project of Guangxi Colleges and Universities: Zhuang Medical Foundation and Clinical Innovation Team (GJR［2014］07).
Ao XIE (1999-), female, P. R. China, master, devoted to research about development, identification and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine.
*Corresponding author.
Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. is a perennial herb of Laportea in Urticaceae, also known as Honghema, Honghuoma, Ruidagun or Wadou, also known as Mafengcao in Fuchuan, Guangxi. The whole herb or roots are used as a medicine. The whole herb tastes pungent and warm in nature. It is a Zhuang medicine for clearing the Gudao, which has the effects of clearing the Gudao and tonifying the spleen and removing food retention. It is often used by Zhuang doctors in the treatment of infantile malnutrition (chancre) and urinary tract stones. The roots of L. bulbifera are pungent in taste and warm in nature, and have the effects of clearing the Longlu and Huolu, dispelling wind and dampness, and promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Zhuang doctors use the roots to treat rheumatic arthralgia, numbness, bruises and other diseases［1-7］. Since 2003［8］, many scholars have carried out chemical and pharmacological research on the L. bulbifera, and extracted and isolated flavonoids from its medicinal parts, such as coumarins, phenolic acids, esters, ketones, phenylpropanoids and sterides. The pharmacological effects of anti-inflammatory and analgesic, immunosuppressive, anti-oxidant, sugar-reducing and lipid-lowering have also been studied［9］, but the research content is less and not comprehensive. In this study, the development status of L. bulbifera was summarized, aiming to provide reference for further research and development of its application. Study on the Chemical Constituents of L. bulbifera
At present, more than 90 components have been isolated from L. bulbifera, including flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic acids, esters, phenylpropanoids, ketones and steroids, etc., among which coumarins and flavonoids are the main chemical components of L. bulbifera.
Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the earliest separated and reported components of L. bulbifera and one of the main chemical components of L. bulbifera. At present, there are 30 kinds of flavonoids isolated from L. bulbifera, mainly including three categories, i.e., flavonoids, flavonols, and isoflavones. Flavonoids in L. bulbifera have strong antioxidant activity［9-15］.
Coumarins
At this stage, there have been many studies on the coumarins of L. bulbifera, which have good anti-inflammatory and analgesic and immunosuppressive activity. The simple coumarins in L. bulbifera include coumarin, 7-methoxychromen-2-one, scoparone and scopoletin, and other coumarins include 4-hydroxy-6-methoxychromen-2-one, 3,6-dihydroxy-coumarin, 6,6,7,7-tetramethoxyl-8,8-biscoumarin 7,7-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethoxy-8,8-biscoumarin and 7,7-dimethoxy-6,6-biscoumarin［15-17］.
Phenolic acids
Phenolic acids such as vanillic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, 4-O-trans-caffeoylquini acid, neochlorogenic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, C-veratroylglycol and 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzoic acid have been isolated from L. bulbifera ［10,13-14,17-19］.
Esters
Wang［19］ separated and identified 8 esters from the L. bulbifera, including methyl hexadecanoate, methylhexadec-9-enoate, and ethyl hexadecanoate, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, methyloleate, methyl stearate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl oleate.
Phenylpropanoids
The simple phenylpropanoids in L. bulbifera mainly include (1-p-hydroxy-cis-cinnamoyl) cinnamic acid, 12-hydroxypentanoic acid methyl ester, trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, cis-4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid docosanoyl ester, isomerizing and caffeic acid［13-15］.
Ketones
Lu et al.［20］ found 4-(3-α-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 4-(3- β-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 3-(3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-2,4,4 -trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 2-(2-pentenyl-3-methyl)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-butyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone and other ketone compounds. Sterides
Xu［21］ isolated compounds such as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, sitostenone, stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione and stigmast-4,22-diene-3,6-dione from L. bulbifera.
Other components
Furthermore, 2,2-oxybis(1-phenylethanol), 1-(2-phenylcarbonyloxy acetyl)benzene, 1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde, betulaprenol 8, betulaprenol 9, linoleic acid, Z-10-eicosenoic acid, hexadec-(4Z)-enoic acid and 9(Z)-octadecenamide were also isolated from L. bulbifera［13,16,21-22］.
Study on the Pharmacological Effects of L. bulbifera
Immunosuppressive effect
Immune response is the result of the interaction of various immune cell components under antigen stimulation, which is manifested in the formation of antibodies, or the production of specific immunologically active cells, or the release of various allergic mediators. Therefore, suppression of immune response can be achieved by eliminating antigens or suppressing antibodies, or by suppressing the production of immunocompetent cells［23］.
Yu et al.［25］ used a mouse allogeneic skin transplantation model to study the survival time of skin grafts, the recipients spleen lymphocyte proliferation test, the determination of cytokine secretion levels, and the analysis of CD4~+CD25~+T cell subsets. The results showed that the effective part of L. bulbifera could stimulate the distribution of CD4~+CD25~+ on the surface of lymphocytes, regulate the synthesis of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ, inhibit the transformation function of T lymphocytes, and induce host cell immune tolerance, thereby effectively inhibiting skin graft rejection.
The study by Wang et al.［24］ showed that the ethyl acetate part of L. bulbifera could inhibit the expression of bone marrow-derived DC MHc II and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 and the secretion of IL-12p70 in the supernatant. When drug-treated DC and T cells of the same species were mixed and cultured in different ratios, the ability to stimulate the proliferation of T cells of the same species was significantly reduced, indicating that the ethyl acetate part of L. bulbifera had immunosuppressive activity.
Su et al.［26-27］ used T lymphocyte proliferation experiments and applied enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to determine the contents of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen cells. The results showed that the ethyl acetate part of the ethanol extract of L. bulbifera could inhibit the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, with an inhibition rate of 35%, and inhibit the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ in the supernatant of T cell culture. The ethyl acetate part of the ethanol extract of L. bulbifera had a certain immunosuppressive effect. References
［1］ FANG D, SHA WL. Guangxi medicinal plants directory［M］. Nanning: Guangxi Peoples Publishing House, 1986.
［2］ Medica Editorial Board of National Institute of Chinese Medicine. Chinese materia medica［M］. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1999. (in Chinese)
［3］ Editorial Committee of Flora of China. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae［M］. Beijing: SciencePress, 1995.
［4］ WAN DR, CHEN JC, YU HH. Records of Hubei medicinal materials (Hubei Yaocaizhi)［M］. Wuhan: Hubei Science & Technology Press, 2002: 24-28.(in Chinese)
［5］ Chemical Plant of Northwestern Institute of Botany. Qinling flora［M］. Beijing: Science Press, 1974. (in Chinese)
［6］ LYU HZ, YU LY. General situation of Zhuang medicine plant resources in Guangxi［J］. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 1999, 5(41): 354.(in Chinese)
［7］ LIN CY, LUO P, SU JL, et al. Preliminary test on chemical constituents of Zhuang medicine Laportea bulbifera (Sieb.et Zucc.) Wedd［J］. Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities,2018(11):52-55. (in Chinese)
［8］ YANG MC, CHOI SZ, LEE SO, et al. Flavonoid constituents and their antioxidant activity of Laportea bulbifera Weddell［J］. Saengyak Hakhoechi, 2003.
［9］ CHEN YR, XU WF, MA ML, et al. Research progress of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2019(18):214-220. (in Chinese)
［10］ TANG J, WU D, CHEN SY, et al. Identification of chemical compositions in Laportea bulbifera by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2018, 242467-242472.(in Chinese)
［11］ LI B, LU X, FENG BM, et al. Flavonoids in Laportea bulbifera［C］//Proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Natural Organic Chemistry of the Chinese Chemical Society, Volume 3, 2016. Chinese Chemical Society: China Academic Journals (CD Edition) Electronic Publishing House, 2016: 38.(in Chinese)
［12］ ZHANG Y, LU X, LI B, et al. Flavonoids from Laportea bulbifera and their anti-N1 neuraminidase activities［J］. Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 2018, 35(11): 931-935, 942. (in Chinese)
［13］ HAN HY. Preliminary study on anti-inflammatory material basis and in vivo metabolism of national medicine Laportea bulbifera［D］. Beijing: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 2018. (in Chinese)
［14］ HAN HY, SUO YR, LIU X, et al. Screening of active components of Urtica dentata hand by RAW264.7 anti-inflammatory cell model and chemical constituents［J］. Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 11(5): 651-655. (in Chinese) ［15］ WANG YM, WEN HC, DU DQ. Chemical constituents from Laportea bulbifera, a Zhuang Medicine［J］. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019, 54(10): 773-776. (in Chinese)
［16］ SHI QX. Study on the mechanism of anti-hyperlipidmia effects and its pharmacodynamics substantial foundation of Laportea bulbifera［D］. Wuhan: Hubei University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018. (in Chinese)
［17］ SU ZQ. Study on the immunosuppressive components of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2009, 25(10): 121. (in Chinese)
［18］ WANG SL, LIU JH, GUAN HY, et al. Study on chemical constituents of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Natural Product Research and Development, 2014, 26(suppl1): 25-27. (in Chinese)
［19］ WANG SL. Material basis for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Laportea bulbifera and its quality control［D］. Guiyang: Guizhou Medical University, 2015. (in Chinese)
［20］ LU X, ZHANG Y, FENG BM, et al. Study on the chemical constituents of Laportea bulbifera［C］// Abstracts of the 30th Annual Conference of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2016 Volume. Chinese Chemical Society: China Academic Journals (CD Edition) Electronic Publishing House, 2016: 304.
［21］ XU LJ. Study on chemical constituents and bioactivities of two national medicinal plants［D］. Shanghai: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 2018. (in Chinese)
［22］ ZHU Z, MA L, ZHU HY, et al. Studies oil the chemical constituents of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2011(342): 223-225.(in Chinese)
［23］ ZHANG XY, GAO YX. Research progress on immunosuppressive effects of traditional Chinese medicine［J］. Pharmacy and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica, 2016, 7(1): 59-61. (in Chinese)
［24］ WANG X, ZOU XL, SU ZQ, et al. Effects of the immune-inhibitory active component of traditional Chinese medicine on murine BMDCs［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery, 2007, 24(11): 1414-1416. (in Chinese)
［25］ YU MS, XIANG M, HUANG K, et al. Anti-rejection effects of the active component from Honghuoma on skin transplantation model［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery, 2008(7): 940-942. (in Chinese)
［26］ SU ZQ, ZHAO ZY, YAO Y, et al. Study on the extraction and activity of the effective parts of Laportea bulbifera for analgesia, anti-inflammation and immunosuppression［C］//The Proceedings of The 9th National Member Congress of the Chinese Pharmacological Society and the National Academic Conference on Pharmacology. Chinese Pharmacological Society: Chinese Pharmacological Society, 2007: 1. (in Chinese) ［27］ SU ZQ, ZHAO ZY, XIE SN, et al. Effects of analgesia, anti-inflammation and immunosuppression of acetic ether extract of Chinese medicine Honghuoma［J］. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2009, 25(4): 559-560. (in Chinese)
［28］ WANG HC. Study on the pharmacological activity of the effective fractions of total coumarin in Laportea bulbifera［J］. Jiankang Bidu, 2010(8): 26. (in Chinese)
［29］ LU JL, LI WJ, HOU WR, et al. Study on effect of total coumarins from Urtica dentata on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice［J］. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2012, 37(21): 3316-3320. (in Chinese)
［30］ ZHANG SS, ZHOU H, LI LL, et al. Study on the preparation process of total coumarin from Laportea bulbifera［J］. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2013, 36(4): 636-639. (in Chinese)
［31］ XIANG M. Novel immunosuppressant extracted from Laportea bulbifera and its extraction method and application［D］. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
［32］ YAO Y. Study on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the effective parts of Laportea bulbifera on rheumatoid arthritis［D］. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2008. (in Chinese)
［33］ XIANG M, TAO E, CHU T, et al. Preliminary study on preventing effects of the active component of honghuoma on cia model ［J］. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2006(10): 1201-1205. (in Chinese)
［34］ LUO X. Study on the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of 6,6,7,7-tetramethoxyl-8,8-biscoumarin and the mechanism of inducing immune tolerance［D］. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2010. (in Chinese)
［35］ ZOU SH. Preliminary study on the quality control and the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory spectrum-activity relationship of Miao medicine Laportea bulbifera［D］. Guiyang: Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2017. (in Chinese)
［36］ CHEN YR, ZOU SH, XU WF, et al. Spectrum-effect relationship of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Laportea bulbifera based on multivariate statistical analysis［J］. Biomedical chromatography: BMC, 2020, 34(2): 4734.
［37］ MA L, LIANG B, ZHU Z, et al. Study on the analgesic pharmacological action of the ethanol extract from the national medicine Laportea bulbifera［J］. Journal of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012, 34(1): 24-26. (in Chinese)
［38］ GAI XH, LIU SX, REN T, et al. Research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Coptis chinensis［J］. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2018, 49(20): 4919-4927. (in Chinese)
［39］ ZHAO ZY. Study on the preparation of total flavonoids of Laportea bulbifera and its prevention and treatment of T2DM［D］. Wuhan: Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2009. (in Chinese)
Key words Laportea bulbifera; Chemical composition; Pharmacological effects
Received: March 5, 2021 Accepted: May 6, 2021
Supported by Research Fund of Guangxi Colleges and Universities (YB2014192); Guangxi Key R&D Program (GK AB19110027); High-level Innovation Team and Outstanding Scholars Project of Guangxi Colleges and Universities: Zhuang Medical Foundation and Clinical Innovation Team (GJR［2014］07).
Ao XIE (1999-), female, P. R. China, master, devoted to research about development, identification and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine.
*Corresponding author.
Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. is a perennial herb of Laportea in Urticaceae, also known as Honghema, Honghuoma, Ruidagun or Wadou, also known as Mafengcao in Fuchuan, Guangxi. The whole herb or roots are used as a medicine. The whole herb tastes pungent and warm in nature. It is a Zhuang medicine for clearing the Gudao, which has the effects of clearing the Gudao and tonifying the spleen and removing food retention. It is often used by Zhuang doctors in the treatment of infantile malnutrition (chancre) and urinary tract stones. The roots of L. bulbifera are pungent in taste and warm in nature, and have the effects of clearing the Longlu and Huolu, dispelling wind and dampness, and promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Zhuang doctors use the roots to treat rheumatic arthralgia, numbness, bruises and other diseases［1-7］. Since 2003［8］, many scholars have carried out chemical and pharmacological research on the L. bulbifera, and extracted and isolated flavonoids from its medicinal parts, such as coumarins, phenolic acids, esters, ketones, phenylpropanoids and sterides. The pharmacological effects of anti-inflammatory and analgesic, immunosuppressive, anti-oxidant, sugar-reducing and lipid-lowering have also been studied［9］, but the research content is less and not comprehensive. In this study, the development status of L. bulbifera was summarized, aiming to provide reference for further research and development of its application. Study on the Chemical Constituents of L. bulbifera
At present, more than 90 components have been isolated from L. bulbifera, including flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic acids, esters, phenylpropanoids, ketones and steroids, etc., among which coumarins and flavonoids are the main chemical components of L. bulbifera.
Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the earliest separated and reported components of L. bulbifera and one of the main chemical components of L. bulbifera. At present, there are 30 kinds of flavonoids isolated from L. bulbifera, mainly including three categories, i.e., flavonoids, flavonols, and isoflavones. Flavonoids in L. bulbifera have strong antioxidant activity［9-15］.
Coumarins
At this stage, there have been many studies on the coumarins of L. bulbifera, which have good anti-inflammatory and analgesic and immunosuppressive activity. The simple coumarins in L. bulbifera include coumarin, 7-methoxychromen-2-one, scoparone and scopoletin, and other coumarins include 4-hydroxy-6-methoxychromen-2-one, 3,6-dihydroxy-coumarin, 6,6,7,7-tetramethoxyl-8,8-biscoumarin 7,7-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethoxy-8,8-biscoumarin and 7,7-dimethoxy-6,6-biscoumarin［15-17］.
Phenolic acids
Phenolic acids such as vanillic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, 4-O-trans-caffeoylquini acid, neochlorogenic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, C-veratroylglycol and 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzoic acid have been isolated from L. bulbifera ［10,13-14,17-19］.
Esters
Wang［19］ separated and identified 8 esters from the L. bulbifera, including methyl hexadecanoate, methylhexadec-9-enoate, and ethyl hexadecanoate, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, methyloleate, methyl stearate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl oleate.
Phenylpropanoids
The simple phenylpropanoids in L. bulbifera mainly include (1-p-hydroxy-cis-cinnamoyl) cinnamic acid, 12-hydroxypentanoic acid methyl ester, trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, cis-4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid docosanoyl ester, isomerizing and caffeic acid［13-15］.
Ketones
Lu et al.［20］ found 4-(3-α-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 4-(3- β-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 3-(3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-2,4,4 -trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 2-(2-pentenyl-3-methyl)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-butyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone and other ketone compounds. Sterides
Xu［21］ isolated compounds such as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, sitostenone, stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione and stigmast-4,22-diene-3,6-dione from L. bulbifera.
Other components
Furthermore, 2,2-oxybis(1-phenylethanol), 1-(2-phenylcarbonyloxy acetyl)benzene, 1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde, betulaprenol 8, betulaprenol 9, linoleic acid, Z-10-eicosenoic acid, hexadec-(4Z)-enoic acid and 9(Z)-octadecenamide were also isolated from L. bulbifera［13,16,21-22］.
Study on the Pharmacological Effects of L. bulbifera
Immunosuppressive effect
Immune response is the result of the interaction of various immune cell components under antigen stimulation, which is manifested in the formation of antibodies, or the production of specific immunologically active cells, or the release of various allergic mediators. Therefore, suppression of immune response can be achieved by eliminating antigens or suppressing antibodies, or by suppressing the production of immunocompetent cells［23］.
Yu et al.［25］ used a mouse allogeneic skin transplantation model to study the survival time of skin grafts, the recipients spleen lymphocyte proliferation test, the determination of cytokine secretion levels, and the analysis of CD4~+CD25~+T cell subsets. The results showed that the effective part of L. bulbifera could stimulate the distribution of CD4~+CD25~+ on the surface of lymphocytes, regulate the synthesis of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ, inhibit the transformation function of T lymphocytes, and induce host cell immune tolerance, thereby effectively inhibiting skin graft rejection.
The study by Wang et al.［24］ showed that the ethyl acetate part of L. bulbifera could inhibit the expression of bone marrow-derived DC MHc II and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 and the secretion of IL-12p70 in the supernatant. When drug-treated DC and T cells of the same species were mixed and cultured in different ratios, the ability to stimulate the proliferation of T cells of the same species was significantly reduced, indicating that the ethyl acetate part of L. bulbifera had immunosuppressive activity.
Su et al.［26-27］ used T lymphocyte proliferation experiments and applied enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to determine the contents of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen cells. The results showed that the ethyl acetate part of the ethanol extract of L. bulbifera could inhibit the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, with an inhibition rate of 35%, and inhibit the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ in the supernatant of T cell culture. The ethyl acetate part of the ethanol extract of L. bulbifera had a certain immunosuppressive effect. References
［1］ FANG D, SHA WL. Guangxi medicinal plants directory［M］. Nanning: Guangxi Peoples Publishing House, 1986.
［2］ Medica Editorial Board of National Institute of Chinese Medicine. Chinese materia medica［M］. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1999. (in Chinese)
［3］ Editorial Committee of Flora of China. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae［M］. Beijing: SciencePress, 1995.
［4］ WAN DR, CHEN JC, YU HH. Records of Hubei medicinal materials (Hubei Yaocaizhi)［M］. Wuhan: Hubei Science & Technology Press, 2002: 24-28.(in Chinese)
［5］ Chemical Plant of Northwestern Institute of Botany. Qinling flora［M］. Beijing: Science Press, 1974. (in Chinese)
［6］ LYU HZ, YU LY. General situation of Zhuang medicine plant resources in Guangxi［J］. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 1999, 5(41): 354.(in Chinese)
［7］ LIN CY, LUO P, SU JL, et al. Preliminary test on chemical constituents of Zhuang medicine Laportea bulbifera (Sieb.et Zucc.) Wedd［J］. Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities,2018(11):52-55. (in Chinese)
［8］ YANG MC, CHOI SZ, LEE SO, et al. Flavonoid constituents and their antioxidant activity of Laportea bulbifera Weddell［J］. Saengyak Hakhoechi, 2003.
［9］ CHEN YR, XU WF, MA ML, et al. Research progress of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2019(18):214-220. (in Chinese)
［10］ TANG J, WU D, CHEN SY, et al. Identification of chemical compositions in Laportea bulbifera by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2018, 242467-242472.(in Chinese)
［11］ LI B, LU X, FENG BM, et al. Flavonoids in Laportea bulbifera［C］//Proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Natural Organic Chemistry of the Chinese Chemical Society, Volume 3, 2016. Chinese Chemical Society: China Academic Journals (CD Edition) Electronic Publishing House, 2016: 38.(in Chinese)
［12］ ZHANG Y, LU X, LI B, et al. Flavonoids from Laportea bulbifera and their anti-N1 neuraminidase activities［J］. Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 2018, 35(11): 931-935, 942. (in Chinese)
［13］ HAN HY. Preliminary study on anti-inflammatory material basis and in vivo metabolism of national medicine Laportea bulbifera［D］. Beijing: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 2018. (in Chinese)
［14］ HAN HY, SUO YR, LIU X, et al. Screening of active components of Urtica dentata hand by RAW264.7 anti-inflammatory cell model and chemical constituents［J］. Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 11(5): 651-655. (in Chinese) ［15］ WANG YM, WEN HC, DU DQ. Chemical constituents from Laportea bulbifera, a Zhuang Medicine［J］. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019, 54(10): 773-776. (in Chinese)
［16］ SHI QX. Study on the mechanism of anti-hyperlipidmia effects and its pharmacodynamics substantial foundation of Laportea bulbifera［D］. Wuhan: Hubei University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018. (in Chinese)
［17］ SU ZQ. Study on the immunosuppressive components of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2009, 25(10): 121. (in Chinese)
［18］ WANG SL, LIU JH, GUAN HY, et al. Study on chemical constituents of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Natural Product Research and Development, 2014, 26(suppl1): 25-27. (in Chinese)
［19］ WANG SL. Material basis for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Laportea bulbifera and its quality control［D］. Guiyang: Guizhou Medical University, 2015. (in Chinese)
［20］ LU X, ZHANG Y, FENG BM, et al. Study on the chemical constituents of Laportea bulbifera［C］// Abstracts of the 30th Annual Conference of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2016 Volume. Chinese Chemical Society: China Academic Journals (CD Edition) Electronic Publishing House, 2016: 304.
［21］ XU LJ. Study on chemical constituents and bioactivities of two national medicinal plants［D］. Shanghai: China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 2018. (in Chinese)
［22］ ZHU Z, MA L, ZHU HY, et al. Studies oil the chemical constituents of Laportea bulbifera［J］. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2011(342): 223-225.(in Chinese)
［23］ ZHANG XY, GAO YX. Research progress on immunosuppressive effects of traditional Chinese medicine［J］. Pharmacy and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica, 2016, 7(1): 59-61. (in Chinese)
［24］ WANG X, ZOU XL, SU ZQ, et al. Effects of the immune-inhibitory active component of traditional Chinese medicine on murine BMDCs［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery, 2007, 24(11): 1414-1416. (in Chinese)
［25］ YU MS, XIANG M, HUANG K, et al. Anti-rejection effects of the active component from Honghuoma on skin transplantation model［J］. Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery, 2008(7): 940-942. (in Chinese)
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