中世纪西欧人认为,自由就是神在造人时设定的一种人与人之间的关系状态,即每一个人不受任何其他人的奴役。它也是自然法所规定的。现实的政治自由是行动的权利,是为自己而生存,是奴役的对立面,是在共和国政体而不是专制政体下生活。它们还表现为生命权、人身权、财产权等等基本的个人权利。 Medieval Western Europeans believed that freedom was the state of human beings that God had set at the time of creation, that everyone should not be enslaved by anyone else. It is also prescribed by the law of nature. Realistic political freedom is the right to act, to live for oneself, to be the opposite of slavery, and to live under a republican regime rather than an authoritarian one. They also manifest themselves as basic personal rights such as the right to life, personal rights, property rights and so on.