论文部分内容阅读
目的了解汽车制造业电焊作业环境中职业病危害因素,探讨电焊烟尘对作业工人呼吸系统的影响。方法收集2007—2011年两家汽车制造企业电焊工作场所有害物质检测数据,评估危害程度;对2007—2011年某汽车制造企业参与健康体检的电焊工人、其他粉尘接触工人、无职业病危害因素接触人群的健康检查结果进行分析。结果电焊作业场所日常监测结果显示,本次所调查的企业电焊作业场所中,电焊烟尘浓度2007—2009年度有超标点,二氧化锰浓度2007—2010年有超标点;2007—2011年电焊烟尘和二氧化锰浓度均值均低于国家卫生标准。暂未发现尘肺病患者,四组研究对象各年胸片检查异常检出率无统计学差异(P>0.05);2008年、2009年、2010年各年呼吸道自觉症状异常检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.73、10.97、11.31,P<0.05);2008年、2009年、2011年各年肺功能异常检出率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.62、8.29、8.14,P<0.05)。接尘组(包括焊工组和粉尘组)与非接尘对照组间检出率差距明显。肺功能损伤以限制型肺通气功能障碍为主,肺功能异常与工龄存在一定关系,工龄长的异常较明显。结论研究企业存在低浓度电焊烟尘、二氧化锰的危害。呼吸道自觉症状和肺功能检查对早期发现粉尘对肺部的影响有重要意义。肺功能异常与工龄存在一定关系。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards in welding operation environment of automobile manufacturing industry and explore the influence of welding dust on the respiratory system of workers. Methods The testing data of harmful substances in welding workplace of two automobile manufacturers from 2007 to 2011 were collected to evaluate the degree of harm. For the welding workers and other dust-exposed workers involved in the physical examination of an automobile manufacturer from 2007 to 2011, there were no occupational hazards in contact with the population The health examination results were analyzed. Results The daily monitoring results of the welding workplace showed that in this survey, the concentration of welding dust and fume in 2007-2009 welding spots exceeded the punctuality, the concentration of manganese dioxide exceeded the standard in 2007-2010; the welding dust and Manganese dioxide concentrations are lower than the national health standards. No patients with pneumoconiosis were found yet. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of abnormal chest X-ray examination among the four groups (P> 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal symptoms of respiratory tract in 2008, 2009 and 2010 (Χ2 = 8.73, 10.97, 11.31, P <0.05). There was significant difference in the detection rate of pulmonary function abnormalities in 2008, 2009 and 2011 (χ2 = 8.62,8.29,8.14, P < 0.05). The difference in the detection rate between dust collection group (including welder group and dust group) and non-dust control group was obvious. Pulmonary function injury to restricted pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, pulmonary dysfunction and length of service there is a certain relationship between the length of service more obvious abnormalities. Conclusion The study of low concentrations of welding fumes enterprises, manganese dioxide hazards. Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests early detection of dust on the lungs of great significance. Lung dysfunction and length of service there is a certain relationship.