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在交会对接(RVD)接近操作阶段航天器的姿态控制问题至关重要。如果那时AOCS计算机出现故障,可能导致航天器发生碰撞,载人航天器也不例外。欧空局(ESA)打算执行一项任务,让航天器工作10年,然后进行1小时的接近操作。由于可能得不到地面支持,而且反应时间可能过长,以致航天器不能及时逃离危险状态,因此航天器分系统资源必须具有自主检测、隔离和排除AOCS计算机故障的功能(即FDIR功能)。此外,在系统重构期间,必须尽量降低航天器姿态和姿态变化率可能出现的过渡过程。所有部件的累积固有失效率限定了AOCS计算机的可靠性。为达到交会对接任务的高实用性指标,AOCS计算机故障检测覆盖率必须很高。本文描述超可靠AOCS容错计算机(AGCP)的设计。该机要有自主FDIR功能,在接近操作阶段能迅速排除故障。要赋予AOCS/GNC分系统具有故障运行/故障安全(FO/FS)功能。全套三处理器(其中有一个处理器已经仿真过)实验板系统现已制造出来,并已通过测试。它将用于交会对接的实时闭路测试。实验板系统的主要部分和应用软件是用Ada语言编写的。本文将论述系统软件的设计,并交流在软件设计、编程、总装和测试期间的经验。
The attitude control problem of the spacecraft is very important in the phase of rendezvous and docking (RVD) approaching operation. If the AOCS computer fails then, the spacecraft may collide and the manned spacecraft is no exception. The European Space Agency (ESA) intends to carry out a mission to allow the spacecraft to operate for 10 years and then carry out a one-hour approach. Spacecraft subsystem resources must have the ability to autonomously detect, isolate, and troubleshoot AOCS computer failures (ie, FDIR functionality) because ground support may not be available and reaction times may be so long that the spacecraft can not escape from the hazard in time. In addition, during the system reconfiguration, the transition process that may occur in spacecraft attitude and attitude change rate must be minimized. The cumulative intrinsic failure rate of all components defines the reliability of AOCS computers. To meet the high practicality of rendezvous and docking tasks, AOCS computer fault detection coverage must be high. This article describes the design of an ultra-reliable AOCS fault-tolerant computer (AGCP). This machine should have independent FDIR function, can quickly troubleshoot the fault in the close operation phase. The AOCS / GNC subsystem is to be provided with Fail-Safe / Fail-Safe (FO / FS) functionality. A full suite of three processors, one of which has been emulated, is now manufactured and tested. It will be used for rendezvous and docking real-time closed-circuit test. The main part of the experimental board system and application software is written in Ada language. This article will discuss the design of system software and exchange of experience during software design, programming, assembly, and testing.