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从地震测线网获得的反射资料有可能根据零炮检距反射时作等值线图,然后用三维射线追踪技术追踪垂直入射至各反射层的射线路径。众所周知,“时间等值线图偏移法”的缺点是必须预先知道层速度,这往往不得不用某些近似法预先加以估算。本文介绍了一种技术,它将以上方法与一种反演法相结合。这种技术可根据一次反射和/或多次反射的非零炮检距旅行时间直接计算层速度。因此,采用由地面观测结果推导出的波前参数作估值,我们就能完整地描绘速度和反射界面,后者用双三次仿样函数来表示。这种方法具有一般线性转换法的优点,为三维地震模拟提供了灵活有效的手段。
The reflections obtained from the seismogram may be contoured based on a zero offset and then track the ray paths vertically incident on the reflections using a 3D ray tracing technique. It is well-known that the disadvantage of the “time contour map offset method” is that layer velocities must be known in advance, which often have to be estimated in advance by some approximation. This article describes a technique that combines the above approach with an inversion method. This technique calculates layer velocities directly from non-zero offset travel times for one reflection and / or multiple reflections. Therefore, using the wavefront parameters derived from surface observations as a measure, we can fully characterize the velocity and reflection interfaces, which are represented by bicubic spline functions. This method has the advantages of the general linear transformation method, which provides a flexible and effective method for 3D seismic simulation.