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affect vt. 影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭
Smoking can affect the developing baby by holding back its growth. 抽烟可能会对发育中的婴儿造成影响，阻碍他们的成长。
She was deeply affected by the sad story. 她被那个悲伤的故事深深感动了。
拓展 affect=have (an) effect on对……有影响
be deeply affected by被……深深打动
辨析 affect, effect, impress, influence
affect的主语通常是物，多指一物对另一物产生的消极影响；effect是名词，意为“效果、影响”；impress强调影响深刻且持久；influence则侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。
构词 affection n. 恋爱；喜欢
employ vt. 雇用；利用
In order to be more effective, he employed more people to work for him. 为了出活儿更快，他请了更多的人来帮忙。
A scientific approach is employed for the development of this theory. 一个科学的方法被用来发展这个理论。
拓展 be employed in=be busy (in) doing sth忙于
employ sb in/on sth=employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事
辨析 employ, hire
employ指长时间雇用干固定的工作；hire指短期或长期雇用某人从事某一特定工作或一次性的工作，常按工作量计酬。
构词 employee n.雇员 employer n.雇主 unemployment n.失业（状态）；失业人数
mercy n. 怜悯；仁慈
Although he has done things that hurt you, I still hope that you can show some mercy to him. 虽然他做了伤害你的事情，我还是希望你能手下留情。
It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake. 这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是不幸中之大幸。
拓展 beg/cry/plead for mercy恳求/乞求……怜悯
show mercy to sb对某人仁慈
at the mercy of任由……摆布
构词 merciful adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的
reserve n. 保护区 vt. 预定；预留
Two staff, a panda keeper and a veterinarian, from the Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan will accompany the pandas to Taiwan. 来自四川卧龙自然保护区的两个工作人员，饲养员和兽医，将会陪同大熊猫飞往台湾。
She reserved two places at this restaurant for us. 她在这家饭店为我们预定了两个位置。
拓展 be reserved for留作……；专供……之用
in reserve储存；备用
without reserve无保留地；无条件地
构词 reservation n. 保留；预订
relief n.（痛苦、困苦、忧虑等）减轻或解除；援助
As he heard the news he was suddenly flooded with relief. 当他听到新闻，松了一口气儿的同时突然泪如雨下。
Large amounts of relief materials were conveyed to the flood area. 大量的救援物资被送到了遭受洪灾的地区。
拓展 in relief 如释重负地；松了口气
to one’s relief 令某人放心的是
构词 relieve vt. 减轻或解除(忧虑、痛苦等)
attach vt. 附上；系上；贴上；使依恋
To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. 说实在的，许多人把名和利看得很重。
I attach a copy of my notes to the newspaper for your information. 我在报纸上附了一份笔记让你参考。
拓展 attach to使属于；使参加；认为有（责任等）、（罪责等）
be attached to连在……上；附属于；（变得）喜欢；喜爱；依恋；对……有感情
earn vt. 赚（钱）；挣得；得到（名声、地位等）；获得
I don’t earn much money, but it’s not very important because I love my job. 我的薪水不高，但那并不重要，因为我喜欢我的工作。
He who does not have the courage to speak up for his rights cannot earn the respect of others. 没有勇气为自己的权利说话的人不能赢得他人的尊重!
拓展 earn money=make money赚钱
earn one’s confidence/respect赢得某人的信任/尊敬
earn one’s living by靠……谋生/维持生计
构词 earner n. 挣钱者；挣工资者
earning n. 收入（常用复数）
familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
The story recalled old familiar faces to my mind. 这个故事使我想起一些熟悉的老面孔。
I’m not familiar with Wuhan, so I hope that I can travel with a local. 我对武汉不熟悉，最好能有当地人伴游。
拓展 be familiar with 熟悉……
get familiar with 熟悉……；变得熟悉
pretend vt. 假装；装扮
The little girl pretended to be asleep when her mother entered the room. 当母亲走进房间时，小女孩假装睡着了。
She pretended not to have seen me when I saw her. 当我看到她时，她假装没看到我。
拓展 pretend sb to be ... 假装某人是……
pretend that ... 假装……
pretend to do sth 假装做某事
sensitive adj. 敏感的；灵敏的；容易生气的
Most animals and plants are sensitive to large or sudden changes in temperature, so the ocean is a safe and comfortable habitat. 很多动植物对周围气温的突然变化非常敏感，所以海洋是一个安全且舒适的栖息地。
拓展 be sensitive to对……敏感
be sensitive about介意……；在乎……
练习
1. Parents________much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply
2. To their great , the missing child returned home tired but sound, after an absence of two weeks.
A. description B. satisfaction
C. relief D. imagination
3. The underground parking cannot be
in advance and is accessible from noon on the day of arrival.
A. constructed B. purchased
C. advertised D. reserved
4. Tom put his heart into the wildlife research, and finally, his efforts________him great success and fame.
A. saved B. earned C. made D. offered
5. Since the baby’s skin was very , his mother bought clothes made of very smooth material so they would not irritate him.
A. curious B. particular
C. sensitive D. sensible
6. The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were________the extreme cold weather.
A. in the possession of B. in the charge of
C. at the risk of D. at the mercy of
7. Deeply________by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
A. acquired B. affected
C. bothered D. challenged
8. He was so________in playing computer games that he didn’t hear the knock.
A. employed B. devoted
C. deserved D. escaped
参考答案
1~8 ABDBCDBA
Smoking can affect the developing baby by holding back its growth. 抽烟可能会对发育中的婴儿造成影响，阻碍他们的成长。
She was deeply affected by the sad story. 她被那个悲伤的故事深深感动了。
拓展 affect=have (an) effect on对……有影响
be deeply affected by被……深深打动
辨析 affect, effect, impress, influence
affect的主语通常是物，多指一物对另一物产生的消极影响；effect是名词，意为“效果、影响”；impress强调影响深刻且持久；influence则侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。
构词 affection n. 恋爱；喜欢
employ vt. 雇用；利用
In order to be more effective, he employed more people to work for him. 为了出活儿更快，他请了更多的人来帮忙。
A scientific approach is employed for the development of this theory. 一个科学的方法被用来发展这个理论。
拓展 be employed in=be busy (in) doing sth忙于
employ sb in/on sth=employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事
辨析 employ, hire
employ指长时间雇用干固定的工作；hire指短期或长期雇用某人从事某一特定工作或一次性的工作，常按工作量计酬。
构词 employee n.雇员 employer n.雇主 unemployment n.失业（状态）；失业人数
mercy n. 怜悯；仁慈
Although he has done things that hurt you, I still hope that you can show some mercy to him. 虽然他做了伤害你的事情，我还是希望你能手下留情。
It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake. 这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是不幸中之大幸。
拓展 beg/cry/plead for mercy恳求/乞求……怜悯
show mercy to sb对某人仁慈
at the mercy of任由……摆布
构词 merciful adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的
reserve n. 保护区 vt. 预定；预留
Two staff, a panda keeper and a veterinarian, from the Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan will accompany the pandas to Taiwan. 来自四川卧龙自然保护区的两个工作人员，饲养员和兽医，将会陪同大熊猫飞往台湾。
She reserved two places at this restaurant for us. 她在这家饭店为我们预定了两个位置。
拓展 be reserved for留作……；专供……之用
in reserve储存；备用
without reserve无保留地；无条件地
构词 reservation n. 保留；预订
relief n.（痛苦、困苦、忧虑等）减轻或解除；援助
As he heard the news he was suddenly flooded with relief. 当他听到新闻，松了一口气儿的同时突然泪如雨下。
Large amounts of relief materials were conveyed to the flood area. 大量的救援物资被送到了遭受洪灾的地区。
拓展 in relief 如释重负地；松了口气
to one’s relief 令某人放心的是
构词 relieve vt. 减轻或解除(忧虑、痛苦等)
attach vt. 附上；系上；贴上；使依恋
To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. 说实在的，许多人把名和利看得很重。
I attach a copy of my notes to the newspaper for your information. 我在报纸上附了一份笔记让你参考。
拓展 attach to使属于；使参加；认为有（责任等）、（罪责等）
be attached to连在……上；附属于；（变得）喜欢；喜爱；依恋；对……有感情
earn vt. 赚（钱）；挣得；得到（名声、地位等）；获得
I don’t earn much money, but it’s not very important because I love my job. 我的薪水不高，但那并不重要，因为我喜欢我的工作。
He who does not have the courage to speak up for his rights cannot earn the respect of others. 没有勇气为自己的权利说话的人不能赢得他人的尊重!
拓展 earn money=make money赚钱
earn one’s confidence/respect赢得某人的信任/尊敬
earn one’s living by靠……谋生/维持生计
构词 earner n. 挣钱者；挣工资者
earning n. 收入（常用复数）
familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
The story recalled old familiar faces to my mind. 这个故事使我想起一些熟悉的老面孔。
I’m not familiar with Wuhan, so I hope that I can travel with a local. 我对武汉不熟悉，最好能有当地人伴游。
拓展 be familiar with 熟悉……
get familiar with 熟悉……；变得熟悉
pretend vt. 假装；装扮
The little girl pretended to be asleep when her mother entered the room. 当母亲走进房间时，小女孩假装睡着了。
She pretended not to have seen me when I saw her. 当我看到她时，她假装没看到我。
拓展 pretend sb to be ... 假装某人是……
pretend that ... 假装……
pretend to do sth 假装做某事
sensitive adj. 敏感的；灵敏的；容易生气的
Most animals and plants are sensitive to large or sudden changes in temperature, so the ocean is a safe and comfortable habitat. 很多动植物对周围气温的突然变化非常敏感，所以海洋是一个安全且舒适的栖息地。
拓展 be sensitive to对……敏感
be sensitive about介意……；在乎……
练习
1. Parents________much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply
2. To their great , the missing child returned home tired but sound, after an absence of two weeks.
A. description B. satisfaction
C. relief D. imagination
3. The underground parking cannot be
in advance and is accessible from noon on the day of arrival.
A. constructed B. purchased
C. advertised D. reserved
4. Tom put his heart into the wildlife research, and finally, his efforts________him great success and fame.
A. saved B. earned C. made D. offered
5. Since the baby’s skin was very , his mother bought clothes made of very smooth material so they would not irritate him.
A. curious B. particular
C. sensitive D. sensible
6. The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were________the extreme cold weather.
A. in the possession of B. in the charge of
C. at the risk of D. at the mercy of
7. Deeply________by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
A. acquired B. affected
C. bothered D. challenged
8. He was so________in playing computer games that he didn’t hear the knock.
A. employed B. devoted
C. deserved D. escaped
参考答案
1~8 ABDBCDBA