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一国的经济增长在开放市场和封闭市场下面临着不同机制,在开放市场中根本上取决于由产品价格决定的绝对优势而非自身的生产率水平。同时,在要素禀赋结构相对稳定的时期内,一国产业在世界市场上的竞争优势主要取决于规模经济和技术水平。为此,为了防止本国产业和经济的全面崩溃,经济转型国家和发展中国家在制定市场开放的产业政策时就需要考虑不同产业的规模经济特性和国内外技术差异。相应地,通过剖析各产业的国内外竞争优势差距,经济转型国家和发展中国家的市场开放政策应该实行从竞争优势差距最小的边际产业开始的次第开放顺序,这就是市场开放中的边际原则。
Economic growth in a country faces different mechanisms in open markets and closed markets, and in an open market it essentially depends on the absolute superiority determined by product prices rather than its own productivity level. In the meantime, during the period when the factor endowment structure is relatively stable, the competitive advantage of a country’s industries in the world market mainly depends on economies of scale and technology. To this end, in order to prevent the complete collapse of their industries and economy, the countries with economies in transition and developing countries need to consider the economies of scale and the technical differences between different industries when formulating their industrial policies. Accordingly, by analyzing the differences in domestic and international competitive advantages of various industries, the market opening-up policies of the countries with economies in transition and the developing countries should implement the second order of opening up from the marginal industries with the smallest differences in competitive advantages. This is the marginal principle of market liberalization.