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前列腺癌已经成为全世界男性最常见的癌症之一,目前临床采用的手术、化疗等传统治疗手段存在前列腺特异性抗原(Prostate specific antigen,PSA)复发、癌细胞转移等缺陷.PROSTVAC(R)疫苗的研发为前列腺癌的治疗提供了一种新的思路.PROSTVAC(R)是一种由导入了PSA和三合一共刺激分子(Triad of costimulatory molecules,TRICOM)基因的重组痘苗病毒和重组鸡痘病毒组成的疫苗.临床前研究和Ⅰ期临床研究分别证明了PROSTVAC(R)的免疫机理和安全性、耐受性;Ⅱ期临床研究证明了PROSTVAC(R)的有效性和耐受性,能够延长前列腺癌患者的总生存期(Overall survival,OS)达9个月左右;PROSTVAC(R)的Ⅲ期临床研究目前正在进行中,研究结果预计于2017年初发布.PROSTVAC(R)作为一种治疗前列腺癌的新型免疫疗法具有很好的前景.“,”Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men all over the world.Currently,conventional treatments of prostate cancer,such as surgery and chemotherapy,have many disadvantages including prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and cancer metastasis.The development of a vaccinePROSTVAC(R)-provides a new solution for the treatment of prostate cancer.PROSTVAC(R) consists of recombinant vaccinia virus and recombinant fowlpox virus,and contains PSA and triad of co-stimulatory molecules (TRICOM) genes.Preclinical trials and phase Ⅰ clinical trials demonstrated its immunologic mechanisms and its safety and tolerance.Phase Ⅱ clinical trials demonstrated its effectiveness and tolerance,as the vaccine could extend overall survival (OS) of prostate cancer patients for as long as 9 months.A phase Ⅲ clinical trial of PROSTVAC(R) is underway,and results are expected to be issued in early 2017.As a new immunotherapy,PROSTVAC(R) has a good prospect for treatment of prostate cancer.