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转化生长因子β（ＴＧＦ－β）是一种多功能的细胞因子，其信号结构独特，为丝氨酸／苏氨酸激酶。Ⅱ型受体被ＴＧＦ－β激活后进一步导致Ⅰ型受体的活化，ＴＧＦ－β的信号由Ⅱ型受体和Ⅰ型受体的受体复合物转导至细胞内，以上二者合称信号受体。Ⅲ型受体的大分子蛋白多聚糖本身不参与ＴＧＦ－β的信号转导，却能间接调节ＴＧＦ－β的作用。有关肿瘤和ＴＧＦ－β受体的研究表明细胞表面ＴＧＦ－β受体的丢失与肿瘤发生相关，转染正常的信号受体基因在体外可抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。在其他相关的疾病中，ＴＧＦ－β作用机制以及各型受体对ＴＧＦ－β作用调节机制的研究正在进行中。
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine with a unique signal structure and a serine / threonine kinase. Activation of type II receptors by TGF-β further leads to the activation of type I receptors, which are transduced into the cells by receptor complexes of type II and type I receptors Signal receptor. Type III receptor macromolecules polysaccharides itself is not involved in TGF-β signal transduction, but can indirectly regulate the role of TGF-β. Studies on tumors and TGF-β receptors have shown that the loss of TGF-β receptors on the cell surface is associated with tumorigenesis. Transfection of normal signal receptor genes can inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro. In other related diseases, the mechanism of action of TGF-β and the mechanism by which various types of receptors regulate TGF-β are under study.