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目的了解我国农民健康状况、健康知识、健康行为、对待健康和艾滋病人的态度,为制定农村健康教育与健康促进计划提供科学依据。方法采用阶段整群抽样法从3省下属的7个市(县)中选取12个村的所有家庭户,通过问卷调查方法,对1 768位农民进行调查。同时,随机选择一个村,在该村随机选择16位村民进行座谈。结果农民的健康状况不容乐观,近乎1/3的家庭在近三年内有过休息2周之内的疾病,50.1%的家庭看病花钱在0.5~1万元内;三省农民总体健康知识的知晓率偏低,个别指标省际间差异具有非常显著性意义;51.7%的农民认为艾滋病病人不值得同情;农民对健康的价值认识不足且存在误区;三省农民用于增进健康知识的消费较低。结论农民的健康状况、健康知识态度行为堪忧;社会各界应加强对农村健康与卫生工作的重视,尤其要加大农村健康教育的力度;农村健康教育需有针对性地开展。
Objective To understand the health status of our peasants, health knowledge, health behaviors, attitude toward health and AIDS patients, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating rural health education and health promotion plan. Methods All the households in 12 villages were selected from 7 cities (counties) subordinated to 3 provinces by the method of cluster sampling. The survey was conducted on 1,768 farmers through questionnaire survey. At the same time, a random selection of a village, the village randomly selected 16 villagers to discuss. As a result, the health conditions of peasants were not optimistic. Nearly one-third of the families had the disease within two weeks of rest in the past three years and 50.1% of the families spent 0.5 to 10,000 yuan. The knowledge of the farmers in three provinces about the general health knowledge 51.7% of peasants think that AIDS patients are not worthy of sympathy; peasants lack of understanding of the value of health and misunderstandings; and the consumption of health promotion knowledge by farmers in three provinces is relatively low. Conclusions Peasants’ health status and health knowledge attitude and behavior are worrisome. All walks of life in the society should pay more attention to rural health and hygiene work, especially rural health education. Health education in rural areas needs to be carried out in a targeted manner.