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一、现代西方经济学论价格和供求的关系西方资产阶级经济理论认为,一个商品的价值不取决于社会必要劳动时间,而取决于边际效用。所谓效用是指某种商品对需求的满足能力。他们不研究价格的内涵,把商品的价值和价格混为一谈。他们认为,商品的价格主要是由供求关系决定的。当供给和需求达到平衡时,便形成商品的价格。概括起来,是以下两点:第一,需求按照和价格相反的方向变动。如果价格跌落,需求就增加;反之,需求就减少。这种价格上升,需求减少;价格下降,需求增加的现象;就叫需求规律。第二,在一般情况下,生产者对一定产品的供给量与其价格高低成正比例。价格上升,供给量增加;价格下降,供给量减少。叫做供给规律。
First, the modern western economics on the relationship between price and supply and demand Western bourgeois economic theory that the value of a commodity does not depend on the necessary social labor time, but on the marginal utility. The so-called utility refers to the ability of a commodity to meet demand. They do not study the meaning of price, the value of goods and prices confused. They think that the price of goods is mainly determined by the relationship between supply and demand. When the supply and demand balance, they form the price of goods. To sum up, is the following two points: First, demand and price changes in the opposite direction. If prices fall, demand increases; conversely, demand decreases. This price increases, demand decreases; the price drop, the phenomenon of increased demand; called the law of demand. Second, under normal circumstances, the producer’s supply of certain products is proportional to the price of the product. Prices rise, supply increases; prices fall, supply decreases. Is called the law of supply.