一、概况:铜川县煤矿分布于城关、文明、黄堡、陈炉、红土、石柱六个区,共大小矿四十七家,职工三四六○人,公营者一家,合作经营者一家,余均为私营,计机器矿六家,平轮(畜力)三十一家,手轮十家共四十七家,月产煤一万七千吨到两万余吨。各矿的组织管理一般的是工头制,形成企业资方和采煤工人们严重脱节现象,资方只管理职员,或各级工头,而主要劳动者采煤工人则由工头管理,工人之来去,下井次数,发付工资等全由工头掌握,资方从来不全面了解工人,进行教育根本谈不上,有时工人死了还不知是那个人,这就形成煤矿上特殊的把头特权与封建管理,资方对工人的安全卫生,身体健康,食宿情况,历史习惯上就采取不关心不重视的态度,因 I. Overview: Tongchuan County coal mines are distributed in Chengguan, Civilization, Huangpu, Chen Furnace, Laterite and Shizhu six districts, a total of 47 large and small mines, 3460 workers, a public operator, a cooperative operator, I are privately owned, counting six machineries, flat wheels (animal power) thirty-one, hand wheel ten a total of forty-seven, monthly coal 17,000 tons to 20,000 tons. The organization and management of the mines is generally a foreman, forming a serious disconnect between the enterprise employers and the coal mining workers. The employers only manage the staff or the foremen at all levels, while the chief laborer’s coal workers are managed by the foreman and workers. Went down the number of wages paid by the foreman all grasp, employers never fully understand the workers, education simply can not talk about, and sometimes the workers do not know the death of that person, which formed a special coal mining head privileges and feudal management, employers On the worker’s safety and health, physical health, board and lodging, historical habits do not care do not pay attention to attitude, because