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现代科学技术在人类文明中的角色正日益扩张,尽管如此,人类仍然并将继续面临着三大基本问题:食物的短缺,环境的污染,健康质量的下降。蕈菌(大型真菌)不仅能将大量的木质素生物废弃物转化成食物,而且能生产出对人类健康意义重大的医疗、保健产品。蕈菌栽培的一个最显著的特点是,如果经营得当,可以实现零污染。而且,蕈菌产业基础的形成和发展可以提供新的就业机会。1994年,世界蕈菌生产和蕈菌医药制品的产值约为140亿美元,相当于1997年世界咖啡的产值。可以期待未来的蕈菌及其产品的贸易增长率将超过咖啡产品。由于蕈菌不含叶绿体,因此它是一种进行非光合作用的新陈代谢的生物体,它不能像普通的绿色植物那样利用太阳光将二氧化碳和水转化为复杂的有机质。但是,它产生的各种酶,能将木质素生物废弃物转化成多样化的产品。这些产品对人类福祉的作用巨大(如作为食物、滋补品、药品、饲料和肥料,保护和再生环境)。此外,栽培、发展食用菌与药用菌可以积极创造经济增长,这对国家和地方经济的发展都具有积极的影响力。现今有70%以上的农田和森林资源未被利用或者在加工过程中被浪费。因此,21世纪,这种影响力将继续扩大,对蕈菌生产(蕈菌本身)和蕈菌产品(蕈菌衍生产品)进行可持续的研究与发展可以成为一种“非绿色的革命”。
The role of modern science and technology in human civilization is expanding day by day. Nevertheless, humankind still and will continue to face three basic problems: the shortage of food, the pollution of the environment and the decline of the quality of health. Mushrooms (macro fungi) not only convert large amounts of lignin bio-waste into food, but also produce medical and health care products of great significance to human health. One of the most notable features of mushroom cultivation is that it provides zero pollution if properly managed. Moreover, the formation and development of mushroom industry base can provide new employment opportunities. In 1994, the world’s mushroom production and mushroom production amounted to about 14 billion U.S. dollars, equivalent to the world’s coffee output in 1997. It is expected that the future growth rate of mushrooms and their products will exceed that of coffee products. Due to its absence of chloroplasts, it is a non-photosynthetic metabolic organism that does not use the sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into complex organic matter, as common green plants do. However, the enzymes it produces can transform lignin bio-waste into diverse products. These products have a huge impact on human well-being (eg, as food, supplements, medicines, feed and fertilizers, protection and regeneration). In addition, the cultivation and development of edible fungi and medicinal mushrooms can actively create economic growth, which has a positive influence on the development of both national and local economies. More than 70% of farmland and forest resources are not utilized or are wasted in processing. Therefore, in the 21st century, this influence will continue to expand. The sustainable research and development of mushroom production (mushroom itself) and mushroom products (mushroom derivatives) can become a “non-green revolution” ".