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贸易理论的经历了从古典到新古典再到现代贸易理论,古典与新古典贸易理论的本质和核心是比较优势决定的分工及贸易模式。现代贸易理论与比较优势理论的不同点主要在于依赖不同的理论假设对引起贸易的原因的解释不同,进而对贸易模式的解释也出现分歧,对现实的反映水平及解释力也不断提高。但现代贸易理论不仅没有否定比较优势理论,反而是继承、补充和发展了比较优势理论。
The theory of trade has gone from classical to neoclassical to modern trade theory. The essence and the core of the classical and neoclassical trade theory are the division of labor and trade mode determined by comparative advantage. The difference between modern trade theory and comparative advantage theory lies mainly in the fact that different theoretical hypotheses explain different causes of trade and lead to disagreements on the interpretation of trade models and a higher level of reflection on the reality and explanatory power. However, modern trade theory not only negates the theory of comparative advantage, but inherits, supplements and develops the theory of comparative advantage.