抗生素指由细菌、霉菌或其它微生物在生活过程中所产生的具有抗病原体或其它活性的物质。抗生素是临床预防和治疗感染性疾病的有效药。自上世纪四十年代以来,青霉素应用于临床,现在已达到几千种。常用的有β-内酰胺类青霉素类和头孢菌素类,氨基糖甙类,四环素类,大环内脂类,抗真 Antibiotics are substances that have anti-pathogenic or other activities that are produced during the course of their life by bacteria, molds or other microorganisms. Antibiotics are effective agents for the clinical prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Since the forties of the last century, penicillin has been used clinically and has now reached several thousand. Commonly used β-lactam penicillins and cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrocyclic lipids, anti-really