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当解决不了一个问题时,很快联想到打一场战争,这成了西方一些人根深蒂固的思维习惯。冷战后的几场战争美国领导西方打得很顺手,助长了这种思维的绵延不绝。诉诸武力解决问题在西方世界是有历史溯源的,第一次世界大战就是最好的印证。美国著名历史学家巴巴拉·塔奇曼(Barbara Tuchman)所著的《八月炮火》出版于1963年,该书分为“计划”、“爆发”和“激战”三个部分,较为系统地向读者描述了第一次世界大战的成因、欧洲列强为争夺霸权的勾心斗角以及战争初期几场大的战役——烈日攻防战、坦能堡战役、马恩河战役以及英德两国的大海战。众所周知,第一次世界大战是一场无聊而又痛苦的战争,交战双方绝大部分时间都躲在战壕里,忍受着各种煎熬和伤病乃至死亡。但《八月炮火》写的是战争开局几个月的事情,涉及的人事精彩而有趣。它有时会让你想起托尔斯泰的《战争与和平》中描写的战场上的不以指挥官意志为转移的真相,有时又让你想起美国小说家诺曼·梅勒《裸者与死者》中的战争荒诞。1963年,《八月炮火》获得了普利策奖。
When a problem can not be solved, one soon learns to fight a war, which has become the deep-rooted habit of thinking of some in the West. The few wars after the Cold War led the United States to play very smoothly in the West, contributing to this endless stream of thinking. Recourse to the use of force to solve the problem is traceable to the history of the West, and World War I is the best proof. Published in 1963 by the famous American historian Barbara Tuchman, “The Gunfire of August,” the book is divided into “Plan”, “Outbreak” and “Guild Wars”. This part describes the causes of the First World War more systematically, the intrigues of the European powers in their fight for hegemony and the major battles in the early war - the Battle of the Sun, the Battle of Tannenburg, the Battle of the Marn River, Sea battle between the two countries. As we all know, World War I was a boring and painful war. Most of the warring sides were hiding in the trenches and endured various tormentings and injuries and even death. However, the “August Artillery Fire” wrote about the months when the war started. The personnel involved are very exciting and interesting. It sometimes reminds you of the truth in the battlefield described in Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” that is not commanded by the commander, and sometimes reminds you of the novelist Norman Mailer, "The Naked and the Dead Absurd in the war. In 1963, August Fire won the Pulitzer Prize.