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目的：通过流行病学调查的方法初步探讨外阴上皮内非瘤样病变的相关危险因素。方法选择2010年6月至2011年12月在二炮总医院就诊并经病理确诊的外阴上皮内非瘤样病变患者580例，其中硬化性苔藓（LS）209例，鳞状上皮增生（SH）306例，SH 合并 LS 65例；另选择健康体检人员586名作为对照。由研究者与患者采用面对面的方式进行直接询问调查，填写调查表。对照人员做如上相同的问卷调查并填写调查表，并分析其与外阴上皮内非瘤样病变发病的关系。结果被调查的对象显示外阴上皮内非瘤样病变相关危险因素按危险性从大到小排列依次为：常患阴道炎、肥皂水清洗外阴、雌激素缺乏、免疫性疾病、常使用卫生巾或护垫或穿化纤内裤、辛辣饮食、情绪或压力紧张。结论外阴不良刺激、免疫功能失调、雌激素缺乏是外阴上皮内非瘤样病变患者的主要危险因素。对高危人群提出有针对性的干预措施来降低外阴上皮内瘤变的发病率。“,”Objective To assess the interrelated risk factors for nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva by method of epidemiological investigation. Methods From June 2010 to December 2011,The research group was nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva of 580 cases that hospitalized as well as diagnosed on gynecology in the Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA,including 209 cases of lichen sclerosus(LS),306 cases of squamous hyperplasia(SH),and 65 cases of SH combined with LS.The comparison group was healthy female with gynecology check-up at the same term.This two group was reviewed and face to face interviewed with a uniform questionnaire including gene inherited disease,lack of estrogen,emotion or pressure,often suffer from colpitis,often use sanitary towel or pull on underwear of chemical fiber etc.Results Epidemiology investigation and data analysis showed that nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva was positively associated with often suffer from colpitis,cleanout vulvar with suds,lack of estrogen,immunity disease,often use sanitary towel or excessive pressure. Conclusion The major risk factors of nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva were: the badness stimulation of vulvar,the maladjustment of immunity function,lack of estrogen.We can put forward the targeted interventions for high-risk groups to reduce the incidence of nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva.