美国发电放松管制和零售准入改革由各州政府主导,从1992年开始,先后有22个州放松了发电管制、其中15个州允许零售准入。受2000-2001年的加州电力危机影响,这22个州中7个州的电力改革目前仍处于停滞状态。美国电力批发市场受联邦能源管制委员会管辖,目前共10个电力批发市场,覆盖了全部地区,大部分为跨州市场,7个市场设立了区域输电组织/独立系统运行员,其中5个覆盖区域以改革的州为主。影响美国电价监管的主要因素是企业性质和竞争程度:非民营企业不以营利为目标,电价由公司管理委员会自行制定;民营企业电价受独立管制机构监管;竞争价格由市场形成,垄断价格仍需相关机构制定或批准。 The U.S. electricity generation deregulation and retail access reform are led by the state governments. Since 1992, 22 states have successively relaxed their power generation controls, and 15 of these states have permitted retail access. Affected by the California power crisis of 2000-2001, power reform in seven of the 22 states is still at a standstill. The U.S. Wholesale Power Market is governed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and currently has a total of 10 electricity wholesale markets, covering all regions, mostly interstates, and regional transmission organizations / independent system operators in 7 markets, of which 5 are covered The reform of the state-based. The main factors that affect the regulation of US electricity prices are the nature of enterprises and the degree of competition: non-private enterprises do not aim for profit, and the electricity prices are set by the company management committee; the prices of private enterprises are regulated by independent regulatory agencies; competitive prices are formed by the market and the monopoly price still needs Related institutions to develop or approve.