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H-ras、K-ras、N-ras基因属于编码小分子GTP结合蛋白的一类基因。编码高度同源并位于细胞膜内侧的21kDa蛋白(P21~(ras))。P21~(ras)具有传递信息的作用,因而ras蛋白为细胞的正常生理活动所必需。当发生点突变时,可导致正常的ras基因发生向癌基因的转变。点突变均出现在ras基因的12、13和61位编码子上。现已发现人类许多肿瘤有激活的ras基因突变,K-ras基因突变与腺癌有关,其原因不明。
The H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras genes belong to a class of genes encoding small GTP-binding proteins. It encodes a 21 kDa protein (P21 ras) that is highly homologous and located inside the cell membrane. P21~(ras) has the function of transmitting information, so ras protein is necessary for the normal physiological activities of cells. When a point mutation occurs, the normal ras gene can cause a transition to an oncogene. Point mutations occur on the 12, 13 and 61 codons of the ras gene. It has been found that many human tumors have activated ras gene mutations, and K-ras gene mutations are associated with adenocarcinoma. The reason is unknown.