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公平是人类社会的一个基本的制度和哲理问题。当代一些神经认知实验基本上证明,公平可能首先是作为一种道德情感或者直觉,然后才是一种道德理性。演化博弈理论论证则表明,公平很可能是演化稳定策略,从而在长期演化中最后沉淀为人性。而交换公平在人类演化中具有特殊的“超越演化”意义——其能够整合多数个体的个人偏好和特长,使之能够为社会所共享,从而省却了长时期的演化时间。在综合的基础上可以发现,“策略—→ESS策略—→人性(神经机制)—→自然法和实证法”的几个阶段才是公平的发展历程。据此发展历程,哈耶克的“自生自发秩序”、休谟的“道德情感”、康德的“道德律令”以及罗尔斯的“作为公平的正义”等均能够获得一定程度的统一,他们的学说都对公平的本质具有解释意义。
Fairness is a basic system and philosophical issue in human society. Some contemporary neurocognitive experiments basically prove that fairness may first be as a moral emotion or intuition, and then as a moral rationality. Evidence from evolutionary game theory shows that fairness is likely to be the strategy of evolutionary stability, and ultimately human beings are precipitated in long-term evolution. Exchange justice, however, has a special “evolutionary” meaning in the evolution of human beings. It integrates the individual preferences and talents of most individuals and enables them to be shared by the society, thus saving the long evolutionary time. On the basis of synthesis, it can be found that several stages of “strategy -> ESS strategy -> human nature (neural mechanism) -> natural law and positive law” are fair developments. According to this course of development, Hayek’s “spontaneous spontaneous order, ” Hume’s “moral emotion ”, Kant’s “moral law ” and Rawls “as fairness ” and so on can To some degree of reunification, their doctrines have an interpretive meaning for the very essence of fairness.