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一、引言 固体表面(或界面)的许多性质往往与其体内不同,它构成了物质的一个特殊非均匀相。由于任何物质都是通过其表面与外部环境发生作用的,因此表面状态如何,对于材料的性能影响很大。例如金属材料的氧化和腐蚀、低合金钢的回火脆性、各种粘接、润滑、磨损、催化等等,都与材料的表面及其以下几个原子层内的状况有关。对固体表面的研究主要有以下几个方面。
I. INTRODUCTION Many of the properties of a solid surface (or interface) are often different from those in the body. It constitutes a special heterogeneous phase of matter. Since any substance acts through its surface to the outside environment, the surface state has a great influence on the properties of the material. For example, the oxidation and corrosion of metal materials, temper brittleness of low-alloy steel, various bonding, lubrication, wear, catalysis and so on, all with the surface of the material and the following several atomic layer conditions. The study of solid surface mainly in the following aspects.