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应用透射电镜、扫描电镜研究了多种粉尘对体外培养的肺泡巨噬细胞生物膜及细胞器的影响,主要结果如下:(1)透射电镜下观察到加矽尘培养的肺泡巨噬细胞,凡是粉尘位于次级溶酶体内,则胞质结构正常;若矽尘游离在胞质内,则可见线粒体肿胀、变性,胞质失去正常结构,核膜解离,证明矽尘首先影响溶酶体膜,同样浓度的TiO_2对细胞器损伤作用较小。(2)用扫描电镜观察了石英、石棉、石墨、二氧化钛、铍、锑等粉尘对体外培养的肺泡巨噬细胞生物膜影响、观察证明,在相同的作用条件下,不同粉尘对生物膜影响差异很大。石英引起膜损伤迅速而明显。(3)由于膜变化是细胞解体的主要原因,所以在选用药物时,首先应考虑保护胞细膜。本研究所观察的四种药物证明都有此作用。并从细胞死亡率的测定也得到证实。(4)用~3H-亮氨酸掺入法,研究了四种粉尘对体外肺泡巨噬细胞蛋白合成能力的影响,证明以石棉影响最大。此法作为酶性指标,有方法简便、灵敏、重现性好等优点。
The effects of various dusts on the biofilm and organelles of alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro were studied by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main results are as follows: (1) The alveolar macrophages cultured with silica dust were observed under transmission electron microscope, Located in the secondary lysosomes, the normal cytoplasmic structure; if the silica dust free in the cytoplasm, you can see the mitochondria swelling, degeneration, the normal structure of the cytoplasm loss, the nuclear membrane dissociation, that silicosis first affect the lysosomal membrane, The same concentration of TiO 2 had little effect on organelles. (2) The effects of quartz, asbestos, graphite, titanium dioxide, beryllium, antimony and other dust on the biofilm of alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that under the same conditions, Great. Quartz caused rapid and obvious membrane damage. (3) As membrane changes are the main reason for cell disintegration, so in the selection of drugs, the first consideration should be to protect the cell membrane. The four drugs observed in this study have demonstrated this effect. The cell death rate was also confirmed. (4) Using ~ 3H-leucine incorporation method, we studied the effect of four kinds of dust on the protein synthesis ability of alveolar macrophages in vitro, and proved that asbestos had the greatest impact. This method as an enzyme index, a method is simple, sensitive, reproducible and good.