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目的调查分析永州市零陵区2009—2013年手足口病的流行特征,为制定手足口病的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对疫情数据进行统计分析,对重症患者、死亡病例进行流行病学调查,采咽试子标本进行检测。结果 5年共报告手足口病7 994例,重症患者60例,死亡8例;年均报告发病率为263.33/10万,年均死亡率为0.26/10万,病死率为0.10%。发病最高峰为4—7月,共发病4 638例,占发病总数的58.02%;城区发病率明显高于农村,差异有统计学意义(χ2=242.25,P<0.01);发病以0~3岁组小年龄儿童为主(7 219例),占发病总数的90.31%;男女性别比为1.78∶1;以散居儿童为主,发病7 743例,占发病总数的96.86%。采咽拭子标本368份,阳性率为70.11%;60例重症病例,EVT1阳性占68.33%。结论0~3岁组散居儿童是手足口病防控重点人群,采取综合防控措施是预防控制手足口病的主要方法 。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Lingling District of Yongzhou City from 2009 to 2013 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis of epidemic situation data. Epidemiological investigation was conducted on critically ill patients and deaths, and the specimens were collected for detection. Results A total of 7 994 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were reported in 5 years. 60 critically ill patients and 8 deaths were reported. The average annual reported incidence was 263.33 / 100 000 with an annual average mortality of 0.26 / 100,000 and a case fatality rate of 0.10%. The incidence peak was from April to July, with a total of 4638 cases (58.02% of the total). The incidence in urban area was significantly higher than that in rural areas (χ2 = 242.25, P <0.01) The majority of children of the younger age group (7,219 cases) accounted for 90.31% of the total number of cases. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.78:1. Of the total, 7,743 cases were scattered children, accounting for 96.86% of the total. Thirty-six swab specimens were collected, the positive rate was 70.11%. In 60 severe cases, the EVT1 positive rate was 68.33%. Conclusions Diasporic children aged 0-3 years old are the key population of hand-foot-mouth disease prevention and control. Comprehensive prevention and control measures are the main methods to prevent and control hand-foot-mouth disease.