【目的】研究超重及肥胖儿童胰岛素敏感性、胰岛素抵抗及β细胞功能。【方法】随机抽取新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区六所中小学10～15岁的在校学生527人,根据体重指数(bodymassindex,BMI)分为超重肥胖组和正常对照组,并进行体格检查和实验室生化检测。采用HOMA-IR,HOMA-B及胰岛素敏感指数(insulinsensitiveindex,ISI)评价。【结果】超重及肥胖组的ISI显著低于正常组(P<0.01),胰岛素抵抗指数(insulinresisindex,IR)、β细胞功能指数(β-cellfunctionindex,HBCI)显著高于正常组(P<0.01)。同时ISI与BMI负相关,IR与BMI、WHR呈正相关,HBCI与BMI呈正相关,与WHI呈负相关。【结论】超重肥胖儿童存在胰岛素的敏感降低、胰岛素抵抗及β细胞功能异常。 【Objective】 To investigate the insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and β-cell function in overweight and obese children. 【Methods】 527 students aged 10-15 years from six primary and secondary schools in Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region were randomly divided into overweight and obesity group and normal control group according to body mass index (BMI), and physical examination and laboratory Biochemical tests. HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and insulin-sensitive index (ISI) were used for evaluation. 【Results】 The ISI of overweight and obesity group was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P <0.01). Insulin resistance index (IR) and β-cell function index (HBCI) . At the same time, ISI was negatively correlated with BMI, IR was positively correlated with BMI and WHR, while HBCI was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with WHI. 【Conclusion】 Overweight and obese children have decreased insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.