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目的通过研究东紫苏叶特征与挥发油的相关性,为生产中确定提取东紫苏挥发油最佳取材时期提供依据,为东紫苏优良种质资源的评价筛选提供理论指导。方法对所采集的东紫苏叶鲜品采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油进行成分分析,采用面积归一法测定各组分的相对百分含量;基于同期对东紫苏叶特征的统计数据,采用SPSS16.0软件对相关数据进行分析。结果东紫苏挥发油提取率在8月份最高,其挥发油的主成分为1,8-桉叶油素(29.93%~50.11%)。从2014年7~11月份,东紫苏挥发油提取率与挥发油化学成分中的α-松油醇呈极显著正相关,而与分枝数、下部叶宽呈显著负相关,1,8-桉叶油素与生物量相关数据间并未呈现相关关系。排除植物生殖生长期的影响,从7月份到10月份,1,8-桉叶油素分别与下部叶长呈极显著正相关,与叶片数、下部叶面积、中部叶下表皮成熟近无柄腺毛分布密度呈显著正相关。结论分枝数少、叶宽小的植株提取率高,丰沛的降雨量可能会促进东紫苏挥发油的合成,推测降雨可能是促进挥发油合成的主导环境因子。其挥发油的主成分为1,8-桉叶油素,具有极其重要的药理功效,11月份其百分含量达到最大,初步确定生产中提取东紫苏中挥发油的最佳取材时期为11月份。当年生枝长较长、叶片数较多、下部叶片较长、下部叶片叶面积较大的植株合成的1,8-桉叶油素更多,且1,8-桉叶油素极有可能是在中部叶成熟近无柄腺毛里合成,因此上述性状可作为下一步东紫苏优良种质资源生物学性状的重要评价筛选指标。
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between the characteristics of volatile oil of Elymus dahurica and volatile oil, and to provide the basis for determining the optimal extraction time of volatile oil from Eichhornia crataegus in the production and to provide theoretical guidance for the evaluation and screening of the excellent germplasm resources of Echinacea. Methods Volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation from the collected fresh leaves of Tung Shui. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile oil. The relative percentage of each component was determined by area normalization method. Perilla leaf characteristics of the statistical data using SPSS16.0 software analysis of the relevant data. Results The extraction rate of volatile oil from Eichhornia crataegi was the highest in August with the main component of volatile oil being 1,8-eucalyptol (29.93% -50.11%). From July to November 2014, the extraction rate of volatile oil from Eichhornia crataegi was significantly and positively correlated with α-terpineol in the volatile oil, but negatively correlated with the number of branches and the width of the lower leaf. Leaf oil and biomass-related data did not show the correlation between. Excluding the impact of plant reproductive growth period, from July to October, 1,8-eucalyptol were significantly and positively correlated with the lower leaf length, respectively, with the number of leaves, the lower leaf area, The density of glandular hair was significantly and positively correlated. Conclusions The plants with few branches and small leaf width have high extraction rate. The abundance of rainfall may promote the synthesis of the essential oil of Eichhornia crassipes. It is speculated that rainfall may be the dominant environmental factor to promote the synthesis of volatile oil. Eucalyptus oil whose main component is 1,8-eucalyptol has an extremely important pharmacological effect, and its percentage reaches the maximum in November. The best sampling period for extracting the volatile oil from Echinacea from November is preliminary determination. In the current year, the branch length was longer, the number of leaves was larger, the lower leaves were longer, and the lower leaves had larger leaf area. The yield of 1,8-eucalyptolide was more, and 1,8-eucalyptol was most likely to be Therefore, the above traits can be used as an important index for screening and evaluating the biological characteristics of the excellent germplasm resources of Eastern Basil.