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目的了解新疆克拉玛依市独山子区公共场所集中空调冷却塔军团菌及嗜肺军团菌的污染状况。方法 2011—2012年采集独山子地区空调冷却塔冷却水和冷凝水,依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》要求,检测冷却水、冷凝水中的军团菌和嗜肺军团菌。结果共检出10株嗜肺军团菌,菌型分别为LP1、LP2、LP5、博杰曼型;2011年7家被监测单位中监测的冷却水和冷凝水,有4家检出了嗜肺军团菌,污染率为57%;2012年有1家检出了嗜肺军团菌,污染率为14%;冷却水嗜肺军团菌检出率为21%,冷凝水嗜肺军团菌检出率15%。结论封闭式冷却塔比开放式冷却塔污染率高,管理规范的单位受军团菌污染率低;空调经营单位应加强日常管理,定期补充新水、更新管道养护剂、清洗冷却塔及冷凝管道。
Objective To understand the contamination status of Legionella pneumophila and Legionella pneumophila in the air-conditioned cooling towers of public places in Dushanzi District, Karamay City, Xinjiang. Methods From 2011 to 2012, cooling water and condensate water were collected from air-conditioning cooling tower in Dushanzi area. Legionella pneumophila and Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensate water were detected according to the requirements of Hygienic Practice for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation System in Public Places. Results A total of 10 strains of Legionella pneumophila were detected. The strains were LP1, LP2, LP5 and Boogeman respectively. In 2011, the cooling and condensing water were monitored in 7 units monitored. Legionella bacteria, the contamination rate was 57%; 2012, 1 detected Legionella pneumophila, the contamination rate was 14%; cooling water Legionella pneumophila detection rate was 21%, the detection rate of L. pneumophila condensate 15%. Conclusion Enclosed cooling towers have a higher pollution rate than open cooling towers and low management standards for units contaminated by Legionella bacteria. Air-conditioning units should strengthen routine management and regularly replenish new water, renew pipe curing agents, and clean cooling towers and condensing pipelines.