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目前,对于公司对外担保的合同效力,无论从《公司法》第十六条的规范性质、授权代表的代表权限或者公司的内部外部关系之别来判断都不免限于单一性、碎片化。因此,本文以民法法律行为理论为基石,对公司法的这一商法规则提出了新的解释路径。即从民事行为能力、意思表示、行为内容合法和不违反公共利益等法律行为的三个生效要件判断公司对外担保的合同效力。结合公司有别于自然人的特殊性,本文从公司净资产、公司决议和对外合同的签订、交易相对人的形式审查义务等确定公司对外担保的合同效力判断规则。
At present, judging from the normative nature of Article 16 of the Company Law, the delegate authority of the authorized representative or the internal and external relations of the company, the effectiveness of the contract of the Company’s external guarantee is not limited to unity and fragmentation. Therefore, this article takes the legal theory of civil law as the cornerstone, and puts forward a new way of explaining this commercial law of company law. That is, judging the validity of the contract of the Company’s external guarantee from the three effective requirements of the legal capacity such as the capacity of civil conduct, the meaning of expression, the legal content of conduct and the non-violation of the public interest. According to the particularity that the company is different from the natural person, this article determines the contract validity judgment rules of the company’s external guarantee from the net asset of the company, the company’s resolution and the signing of the foreign contract, the obligations of the counterparty in the formal examination.