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随着岩土力学、测试技术、计算技术以及大型采掘运输,填筑土石料施工机械的发展,近十余年世界上已建高于100m的大坝中土石坝和堆石坝由七十年代的40％,到八十年代以后修建的10座高坝中上升到70％。其发展规模和建坝高度已超过混凝土坝。由于工业和旅游事业的发展,各大中城市的高层建筑以及矿山的重型厂房的兴建,在工程设计中都需要试验参数,以期达到经济安全可靠。特别是高土石坝、高堆石坝放宽了对筑坝材料的要求,各种岩性的风化料及碎石土、砾质土等用于防渗料,堆石和砂卵石料用于坝壳和过渡层,这些坝料和深厚覆盖层地基料的物理力学性试验参数有赖于大型高压土工试验仪器进行测试。国外从六十年代起就研制这类仪器设备,我国于七十年代才开始大型中压土工试验仪器的研制,八十年代已进展到大型高压土工试验设备的应用,部分设备还配备了加荷恒压及微机采集和处理测试数据系统,提高了测试速度和精度。
With the development of geotechnical mechanics, testing technology, computing technology and large-scale mining transportation and filling of earth-rock construction machinery, the earth-rockfill dam and rockfill dam have been built more than 100m in the past ten years in the world by the seventies Of the 40 daggers that rose to 70% in 10 high dams built since the 1980s. Its development scale and dam height have surpassed concrete dams. Due to the development of industry and tourism, the construction of high-rise buildings in large and medium-sized cities as well as the construction of heavy factories in mines require test parameters in engineering design in order to achieve economic security and reliability. In particular, high earth-rockfill dam, high rockfill dam to relax the dam material requirements, a variety of lithological weathering materials and gravel soil, gravel soil for seepage material, rockfill and sand and gravel material for the dam shell and Transition layer, the physical and mechanical parameters of these dam materials and deep overburden materials depend on large high-pressure geotechnical test equipment for testing. Foreign countries from the sixties on the development of such equipment, China in the seventies began large-scale medium-pressure geotechnical test equipment development, the eighties has progressed to large-scale high-pressure geotechnical test equipment applications, some of the equipment is also equipped with a load Constant pressure and computer acquisition and processing test data system to improve the test speed and accuracy.