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奥巴马政府实施“制造业回归”国策与面临技能危机的困境,促进了技术学院预科高中在美国的兴起与发展。技术学院预科高中主要面向STEM产业领域,通过融合中等和高等教育、设计一体化课程体系,培养初级或中级职业技能人才。在技能人才培养过程中,技术学院预科高中尊重学生能力差异,提供学生可选择性的发展路径,并构建了利益相关方共治机制。技术学院预科高中人才培养模式体现出沟通教育与职业、创新校企合作办学、满足产业人才需求的理念蕴含了当前美国改革职业教育的四个核心原则,引领了美国优质职业教育建设。其成功经验对我国深化中高职衔接的启示为:衔接需要各方力量合力而为,衔接专业要紧贴区域产业发展需求,衔接应当体现以学生为本,开发一体化的课程衔接体系。
The implementation of the Obama administration’s “manufacturing return ” national policy and face the crisis of skills predicament, and promoted the rise of technology college preparatory high school in the United States and development. College of Technology preparatory high school mainly for the STEM industry, through the integration of secondary and higher education, the design of integrated curriculum system, training of primary or intermediate vocational and technical personnel. In the process of training skilled personnel, the technical college preparatory high school respects the differences in students’ abilities, provides students with alternative development paths, and constructs a mechanism of stakeholder co-governance. Technology college preparatory high school personnel training mode reflects the communication and occupation, innovation school-enterprise cooperation in running schools, to meet the needs of industry professionals contains the concept of the current reform of the four core principles of vocational education in the United States, leading the United States of high quality vocational education. The successful experience of our country to deepen the interface between the higher vocational education enlightenment as follows: convergence needs all forces together, convergence of professional needs to closely follow the development of regional industries, convergence should reflect the student-centered, the development of integrated curriculum convergence system.