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目的了解四川省基层接种点预防接种安全注射现状以及接种人员和儿童家长对安全注射的认知水平,探讨控制不安全注射行为的策略。方法用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取四川省150个抽样单位,采取现场调查和问卷的形式对150个基层接种点、310名接种人员、305名儿童家长进行调查,数据用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果目前四川省基层接种点开展预防接种时全部使用一次性或自毁型注射器,比1999年一次性注射器的使用比例(45.60%)大幅度提高。作为医用垃圾统一运走和焚烧后深埋是四川省目前一次性及自毁型注射器使用后处理的主要方式(79.33%)。基层接种人员对安全注射知识的认知水平较低,不合格率接近50%,尤以农村地区突出。儿童家长对安全注射的认知水平较好。结论应采取加强基层接种点注射器使用后的处理回收、强化基层接种人员的安全注射意识和职业道德、加强督导检查以及开展广泛宣传等多项干预措施,提高四川省安全注射水平。
Objective To understand the status quo of safe vaccination in primary vaccination sites in Sichuan Province and the level of cognition of safe vaccination among vaccinated parents and children, and to explore strategies to control unsafe injections. Methods A total of 150 sampling units in Sichuan Province were sampled by stratified multistage random sampling method. The data of 150 primary vaccination sites, 310 vaccinates and 305 children were surveyed by field survey and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Excel software . Results At present, all the disposable or self-destructing syringes used in vaccination at the grass-roots vaccination sites in Sichuan Province were significantly increased compared with that of disposable syringes in 1999 (45.60%). It is the main way of post-treatment of disposable and self-destructing syringes in Sichuan Province (79.33%) that medical waste is transported together and burned in-depth after being incinerated. The grass-roots vaccination personnel have a low level of knowledge on safety injections, with a failure rate of nearly 50%, especially in rural areas. Children’s parents have a better understanding of safety injections. Conclusion It is suggested to increase the level of safety injections in Sichuan province by strengthening the treatment and recovery of injectors at the primary vaccination sites, strengthening the awareness of safety injections and professional ethics among grass-roots vaccination workers, strengthening supervision and inspection and conducting extensive publicity.