DQ as an effective p-type dopant for the hole-transport material X1 and its application in stable so

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X1 (MeO-TPD) is an inexpensive and easily synthesized π-conjugated molecule that has been used as a hole-transport material (HTM) in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs),achieving relatively high efficiency.In this paper,we characterize the physicochemical properties of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and show that it is a promising p-dopant in a spin-coating solution with X1 as the HTM.The doped ssDSSCs showed an increase in short-circuit current density from 5.38 mA cm-2 to 7.39 mA cm-2,and their overall power conversion efficiency increased from 2.9% to 4.3%.Also,ssDSSCs with DDQ-doped X1 were more stable than the undoped samples,demonstrating that DDQ can act as a p-type dopant in X1 as an HTM for highly efficient,stable ssDSSCs.
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