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目的 了解90年代中国5岁以下儿童死亡水平和死亡原因,观察其变化趋势。方法 对全国30个省、自治区、直辖市,按分层抽样方法,抽取对全国儿童死亡具有代表性的81个市县,855万人口的地区进行中国5岁以下儿童死亡监测。结果 1991～1995年监测结果表明:1995年全国新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为27.3‰、36.4‰、44.5‰,比1991年分别下降了17.5％、27.5％、27.0％。5年来儿童死亡率的变化特点是农村下降快于城市;边远地区快于内地和沿海;1～4岁及婴儿死亡率下降快于新生儿;感染性疾病快于非感染性疾病。5年来感染性疾病占儿童总死亡比下降了7.1个百分点。1995年儿童总死亡的2/3是由非感染性疾病造成的。结论 在不放松对感染性疾病控制的同时,要把儿童生存问题的重点转移到非感染性疾病上来。
Objective To understand the level of death and the causes of death in children under 5 years of age in China in the 1990s and to observe the changing trend. Methods Thirty-eight provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in China were sampled by stratified sampling method to monitor the death of children under 5 years of age in China from 81 cities and counties and 8.55 million population, representing the nation’s child deaths. Results The monitoring results from 1991 to 1995 showed that the death rates of newborns, infants and children under 5 in China in 1995 were 27.3 ‰, 36.4 ‰ and 44.5 ‰, respectively, down 17.5%, 27.5% and 27.0% respectively over 1991. The 5-year change in child mortality is characterized by a faster decline in rural areas than in urban areas; in remote areas faster than in the interior and coastal areas; 1-4 and infant mortality rates have dropped more rapidly than newborns; and infectious diseases are faster than non-infectious ones. Infectious diseases accounted for 7.1% of total child deaths in the past five years. Two-thirds of the total child deaths in 1995 were caused by non-infectious diseases. Conclusion While not loosening the control of infectious diseases, we must shift the focus of child survival issues on non-infectious diseases.