尿路感染是婴儿和儿童中最常见的细菌性感染之一,可仅局限于下尿路,也可累及肾脏,更会导致持续性肾损害和瘢痕化,尤其是在并有膀胱输尿管返流等泌尿系统发育畸形时。因而儿童尿路感染的早期发现、正确诊断和规范治疗非常重要。现就儿童尿路感染及其流行病学、诊断及治疗作一概述。 Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in infants and children and can be confined to the lower urinary tract alone. It can also affect the kidneys and can lead to persistent renal damage and scarring, especially in patients with vesicoureteral reflux Urinary system development and other deformities. Therefore, early detection of urinary tract infection in children, the correct diagnosis and standardization of treatment is very important. Urinary tract infection in children and its epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment are summarized.