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目的估算核燃料元件生产线六氟化铀(UF_6)气体少量泄漏情况下泄漏量,评估其对人体的健康影响。方法假设的事故模型为UF_6气化岗位容器阀门与管道之间的软管破损导致UF_6泄漏,气溶胶抵达工作人员时间需8 s,工作人员撤离气化间需1~4 min。通过气体泄漏估算公式和内照射待积有效剂量(E)估算公式,估算UF_6气体泄漏量、工作人员吸入铀和氟化氢的量,评估UF_6所致辐射危害、肾损害和氟化氢所致人体健康影响情况。结果假设工作人员撤离需1 min时UF_6气体1 min内泄漏量为88.20 g,含铀量约为59.64 g,E为0.40 mSv,预计铀吸入量为4.57 mg,氟化氢的吸入平均质量浓度约为90.33 mg/m~3(低于其立即威胁生命或健康的急性危险浓度136.93 mg/m~3),此时产生人体健康影响的程度较小。在工作人员撤离所需时间为2~4 min时,UF_6泄漏量为176.40~352.80 g,含铀量为119.27~238.54 g,E为0.81~1.62 mSv,此时UF_6所致辐射危害较小;但预计铀吸入量为9.26~18.51 mg,可导致短暂肾脏损害;而撤离时间为2、3、4 min时氟化氢平均吸入质量浓度分别为83.98、82.03和81.03 mg/m~3,接近或高于其急性危险浓度(分别为96.82、79.06和68.46 mg/m~3),可导致急性氟化氢中毒,甚至猝死。结论 UF_6泄漏事故发生时,应尽快在1 min中内撤离。若撤离所需时间超过2 min,增加发生肾脏损害、急性氟化氢中毒和猝死的风险。
Objective To estimate the leakage of uranium hexafluoride (UF 6) gas in the production line of nuclear fuel components and assess their health effects on human body. Methodology The assumed accident model was UF_6 leakage from the hose between the valve and the pipe of the UF_6 gasification post-container. The aerosol reached the worker for 8 s and the worker evacuated for 1 to 4 min. Estimate the amount of UF_6 gas leaks, the amount of uranium and hydrogen fluoride inhaled by staff, the impact of radiation on UF_6, the renal impairment and the health effects of hydrogen fluoride on human health, using the gas leakage estimation formula and the estimation formula of internal beam radiation effective dose (E) . The results assume that when the staff evacuates for 1 min, the leakage of UF_6 gas within 1 min is 88.20 g, the content of uranium is about 59.64 g, the E is 0.40 mSv, the uranium intake is estimated to be 4.57 mg, and the inhalation average concentration of hydrogen fluoride is about 90.33 mg / m 3 (lower than the immediate risk of an endangering or health hazard 136.93 mg / m 3) at which time human health effects are less significant. UF_6 leakage was 176.40 ~ 352.80 g, uranium content was 119.27 ~ 238.54 g, E was 0.81 ~ 1.62 mSv when the time required for staff evacuation was 2 ~ 4 min, and the radiation hazard caused by UF_6 was small at this time. Estimated uranium intake of 9.26 ~ 18.51 mg, can lead to short-term renal damage; and withdrawal time of 2,3,4 min when the average concentration of hydrogen fluoride inhalation were 83.98,82.03 and 81.03 mg / m ~ 3, close to or higher than its Acutely dangerous concentrations (96.82, 79.06 and 68.46 mg / m 3, respectively) can cause acute hydrogen fluoride poisoning and even sudden death. Conclusion UF_6 leakage should occur within 1 min as soon as possible. If withdrawal takes longer than 2 minutes, increase the risk of kidney damage, acute hydrogen fluoride poisoning and sudden death.