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为探讨不同灌水量对滴灌矮化密植大枣田间相对湿度、土壤温度和产量的影响,在新疆哈密地区的枣园内,滴灌灌溉定额设置820、900、980 mm 3个处理和1个漫灌处理,进行了滴灌矮化密植大枣灌溉试验。在开花坐果期对各处理矮化密植大枣的田间相对湿度、土壤含水率和土壤温度进行逐日观测,分析了灌溉水量对矮化密植大枣田间湿度和土壤温度的影响;收获后测定大枣产量,分析了矮化密植大枣的产量与灌溉定额的关系。结果表明,采用滴灌方式进行灌溉时,灌水量越大田间相对湿度改善越明显,灌水后3 d内基本维持在50%以上;与漫灌相比较,采用滴灌灌水可以使田间湿度相对稳定,其中,滴灌灌水量为900 mm时,相对湿度最大值能达到80%。浅层土壤更容易受大气温度的影响,波动范围大,深层土受大气温度影响小。与漫灌相比,滴灌技术可以使土壤温度相对稳定,有利于作物生长。单果干质量在900 mm和980 mm二种处理条件下差值不大,分别为9.90、9.98 g。哈密地区滴灌矮化密植大枣在灌溉定额为900 mm时,产量达到最大值,为8 608 kg/hm2。研究结论可以为新疆哈密地区滴灌矮化密植大枣种植提供技术支持。
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation amounts on the field relative humidity, soil temperature and yield of dwarfing densely populated Dwarf Jujube, three irrigation treatments of 820, 900, 980 mm and one flood irrigation were set in the jujube garden in Hami, Xinjiang, , Drip irrigation dwarf dense planting jujube irrigation experiments. The field relative humidity, soil moisture content and soil temperature of dwarfing and planting jujube were observed daily during flowering and fruit setting stage. The effects of irrigation water on field humidity and soil temperature of dwarfing and planting jujube were analyzed. Yield, the relationship between yield and irrigation quota of dwarfing and planting jujube was analyzed. The results showed that when the drip irrigation was used, the better the relative humidity was, the better the relative humidity was in the field when the drip irrigation was carried out. After drip irrigation, the relative humidity remained above 50% within 3 days after irrigation. Compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation could make the field humidity relatively stable, Drip irrigation volume of 900 mm, the maximum relative humidity can reach 80%. Shallow soil is more likely to be affected by atmospheric temperature, with a wide range of fluctuations, and deep soils are less affected by atmospheric temperature. Compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation technology can make the soil temperature is relatively stable, is conducive to crop growth. The difference of dry weight of single fruit was not significant at 900 mm and 980 mm, which were 9.90 and 9.98 g respectively. The Dwarf Densification Dates of Drip Irrigation in Hami Area reached the maximum value of 8 608 kg / hm2 when the irrigation quota was 900 mm. The research conclusion can provide technical support for dwarfing and densification planting of jujube in Hami, Xinjiang.