论文部分内容阅读
Australia relaxed rules about shooting kangaroos in New South Wales as the state was declared “100% in drought” after months of little or no rain.
Less than 10 millimeters of rain fell in the state in July， 2018， the fifth-driest on record， putting further pressure on dwindling1 food supplies for cattle that can no longer graze2 on parched3 land.
“This is tough， there isn’t a person in the state that isn’t hoping to see some rain for our farmers and regional communities，” Primary Industries Minister Niall Blair said in a statement.
Large numbers of kangaroos have been competing with cattle for food and water， a situation Blair said must be turned around “as soon as possible”.
“Many farmers are taking livestock4 off their paddocks5， only to then see kangaroos move in and take whatever is left—this is the last thing any farmer needs at the moment，” Blair said.
澳大利亞放宽了在新南威尔士州射杀袋鼠的法规，因为历经几个月的几乎无降雨后，该州宣布“处于百分之百的干旱中”。
2018年七月，该州降雨量不足10毫米，是有记录以来的第五大干旱，这给日益减少的牲畜食物供给增加了压力，这些牲畜无法在枯焦的土地上吃到草。
“这种处境很艰难，这个州的人们没有哪一个不希望看到农民和各地能有一些雨水。”产业部部长尼尔·布莱尔在一份声明中说。
大量的袋鼠一直在与牛群争夺食物和水，布莱尔说，必须“尽快”扭转这种局面。
布莱尔说：“许多农民正在把牲畜带离牧场，却看到了袋鼠蜂拥而至，吃光了一切——这是目前任何农民都最不想见到的情况。”
Shocked and Upset Farmers
Australia has long dealt with harsh， dry conditions， especially inland， away from coastal areas popular with tourists. Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said conditions were so bad that the country had to accept it was a “land of drought and flooding rains”.
The drought may be Australia’s worst in 400 years， according to a recent University of Melbourne study， which reconstructed6 800 years of seasonal patterns.
The drought has hit farmers particularly hard， with crop， water， and fodder7 shortages putting their livelihoods8 at risk. Unable to feed their livestock， many have been forced to sell or slaughter9 stock， sending the cattle industry into a decline10 that could take years to recover.
Others have had to bulldoze11 orchards12 or lose their farms， leaving entire families without income， according to Australian media.
There has also been a growing national conversation about the mental health toll13 that the drought has had on farmers. Young farmers under 35 are especially vulnerable to stress and negative effects of droughts， researchers at the University of Newcastle said in a recent study.
Turnbull addressed those concerns， announcing relief measures for farmers including extra money for mental health support services. Separately， the state government announced a $500 million emergency relief14 package， raising the state’s total drought support to more than A$1 billion.
震惊、难过的农民
澳大利亚长期以来都在应对残酷、干燥的气候状况，尤其在远离游人如织的沿海地区的内陆地区。澳大利亚总理马尔科姆·特恩布尔说，情况太糟糕了，澳大利亚不得不承认自己是一个“干旱和洪涝之国”。
墨尔本大学最近的一项研究重现了800年来的季节模式，认为这次可能是澳洲400年来最严重的一场干旱。
旱灾对农民的打击尤为严重，农作物、水、和草料短缺使他们的生计风险重重。因为无法喂养牲畜，许多人被迫出售或屠宰家畜，这让当地的畜牧业急剧滑坡，需要很多年才能恢复。
澳洲媒体称，其他农民只能推倒果园或失去农场，这让他们全家上下没了收入。
纽卡斯尔大学的研究人员在最近的一项研究中声称，全国范围内，越来越多的人在谈论这场旱灾对农民心理健康造成的影响。35岁以下的青年农民特别容易受到干旱带来的压力和负面影响。
特恩布尔总理为了解决这些担忧，宣布了一些救援措施，包括用于农民心理健康支助服务的额外补助。
此外，新南威尔士州政府宣布了一项5亿美元的紧急援助计划，全州支助旱灾的费用已超过了10亿澳元。
Global Catastrophes15
Though Australia has long suffered from spells of drought， other parts of the world are currently experiencing extreme weather which experts say is evidence of the Earth’s changing climate.
Heat waves swept across Europe in July， leaving some farmers suffering drought conditions. The German Agriculture Minister warned of diminishing16 livestock feed， and the European Commission announced measures to help farmers cope.
Countries worldwide were dealing with their own climate catastrophes. Japan and Korea are suffering heat waves and wildfires have blazed across California and Sweden.
Scientists warned that if global temperatures rise more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels， a domino effect will kick in leading to “hothouse” conditions and much higher sea levels.
全球性的灾难
尽管澳大利亚长期遭受干旱的诅咒，世界其他地区也在经历着极端天气。专家们说这是地球气候变化的证據。
去年七月，热浪席卷了欧洲，使一些农民遭受旱灾。德国农业部长发出了牲畜饲料短缺的警告，欧盟委员会也宣布了帮助农民应对的措施。
世界各国正在应对各自的气候灾难。日本和韩国遭受了热浪;野火席卷了加利福尼亚和瑞典。
科学家们警告说，如果全球气温比工业化前水平高出2°C以上，将产生多米诺骨牌效应，导致“温室效应”和海平面上升。
Less than 10 millimeters of rain fell in the state in July， 2018， the fifth-driest on record， putting further pressure on dwindling1 food supplies for cattle that can no longer graze2 on parched3 land.
“This is tough， there isn’t a person in the state that isn’t hoping to see some rain for our farmers and regional communities，” Primary Industries Minister Niall Blair said in a statement.
Large numbers of kangaroos have been competing with cattle for food and water， a situation Blair said must be turned around “as soon as possible”.
“Many farmers are taking livestock4 off their paddocks5， only to then see kangaroos move in and take whatever is left—this is the last thing any farmer needs at the moment，” Blair said.
澳大利亞放宽了在新南威尔士州射杀袋鼠的法规，因为历经几个月的几乎无降雨后，该州宣布“处于百分之百的干旱中”。
2018年七月，该州降雨量不足10毫米，是有记录以来的第五大干旱，这给日益减少的牲畜食物供给增加了压力，这些牲畜无法在枯焦的土地上吃到草。
“这种处境很艰难，这个州的人们没有哪一个不希望看到农民和各地能有一些雨水。”产业部部长尼尔·布莱尔在一份声明中说。
大量的袋鼠一直在与牛群争夺食物和水，布莱尔说，必须“尽快”扭转这种局面。
布莱尔说：“许多农民正在把牲畜带离牧场，却看到了袋鼠蜂拥而至，吃光了一切——这是目前任何农民都最不想见到的情况。”
Shocked and Upset Farmers
Australia has long dealt with harsh， dry conditions， especially inland， away from coastal areas popular with tourists. Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said conditions were so bad that the country had to accept it was a “land of drought and flooding rains”.
The drought may be Australia’s worst in 400 years， according to a recent University of Melbourne study， which reconstructed6 800 years of seasonal patterns.
The drought has hit farmers particularly hard， with crop， water， and fodder7 shortages putting their livelihoods8 at risk. Unable to feed their livestock， many have been forced to sell or slaughter9 stock， sending the cattle industry into a decline10 that could take years to recover.
Others have had to bulldoze11 orchards12 or lose their farms， leaving entire families without income， according to Australian media.
There has also been a growing national conversation about the mental health toll13 that the drought has had on farmers. Young farmers under 35 are especially vulnerable to stress and negative effects of droughts， researchers at the University of Newcastle said in a recent study.
Turnbull addressed those concerns， announcing relief measures for farmers including extra money for mental health support services. Separately， the state government announced a $500 million emergency relief14 package， raising the state’s total drought support to more than A$1 billion.
震惊、难过的农民
澳大利亚长期以来都在应对残酷、干燥的气候状况，尤其在远离游人如织的沿海地区的内陆地区。澳大利亚总理马尔科姆·特恩布尔说，情况太糟糕了，澳大利亚不得不承认自己是一个“干旱和洪涝之国”。
墨尔本大学最近的一项研究重现了800年来的季节模式，认为这次可能是澳洲400年来最严重的一场干旱。
旱灾对农民的打击尤为严重，农作物、水、和草料短缺使他们的生计风险重重。因为无法喂养牲畜，许多人被迫出售或屠宰家畜，这让当地的畜牧业急剧滑坡，需要很多年才能恢复。
澳洲媒体称，其他农民只能推倒果园或失去农场，这让他们全家上下没了收入。
纽卡斯尔大学的研究人员在最近的一项研究中声称，全国范围内，越来越多的人在谈论这场旱灾对农民心理健康造成的影响。35岁以下的青年农民特别容易受到干旱带来的压力和负面影响。
特恩布尔总理为了解决这些担忧，宣布了一些救援措施，包括用于农民心理健康支助服务的额外补助。
此外，新南威尔士州政府宣布了一项5亿美元的紧急援助计划，全州支助旱灾的费用已超过了10亿澳元。
Global Catastrophes15
Though Australia has long suffered from spells of drought， other parts of the world are currently experiencing extreme weather which experts say is evidence of the Earth’s changing climate.
Heat waves swept across Europe in July， leaving some farmers suffering drought conditions. The German Agriculture Minister warned of diminishing16 livestock feed， and the European Commission announced measures to help farmers cope.
Countries worldwide were dealing with their own climate catastrophes. Japan and Korea are suffering heat waves and wildfires have blazed across California and Sweden.
Scientists warned that if global temperatures rise more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels， a domino effect will kick in leading to “hothouse” conditions and much higher sea levels.
全球性的灾难
尽管澳大利亚长期遭受干旱的诅咒，世界其他地区也在经历着极端天气。专家们说这是地球气候变化的证據。
去年七月，热浪席卷了欧洲，使一些农民遭受旱灾。德国农业部长发出了牲畜饲料短缺的警告，欧盟委员会也宣布了帮助农民应对的措施。
世界各国正在应对各自的气候灾难。日本和韩国遭受了热浪;野火席卷了加利福尼亚和瑞典。
科学家们警告说，如果全球气温比工业化前水平高出2°C以上，将产生多米诺骨牌效应，导致“温室效应”和海平面上升。