Three-dimensional (3D) simulations and theoretical analyses on super-short pulse generated using freeelectron lasers (FELs) at perfect synchronism are carried out with the help of our 3D OSIFEL code. The evolution of longitudinal pulse width in the Japan
The detection of early gastric cancer that often develops asymptomatically is crucial for improving patient survival. The photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of gastric cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid/protoporphyrin IX (5-ALA/PpIX) has been reported in severa
Dual-grating structure thin-film silicon solar cells with different front and back grating periodicities are designed The geometrical parameters of both gratings are investigated. The reflection is greatly reduced by the front grating, whereas the absorpt