论文部分内容阅读
德国的国家劳动保护始于1853年,当时制定了一项法律,建立了工厂视察员(相当于我国的安全和劳动卫生监督员)制度,以监督企业执行安全规章。1884年又形成了一种非国家性的旨在保护工人安全维护工人权益的事故保险公司。法律责成企业主按行业组成所谓的同业合作社(相当于我国的行业公司、行业系统),并定期从工资总额中提成一定比例上交作为公益金,这些钱用以帮助那些罹患职业病和受工伤的工人。不管事故责任者是谁,事故保险公司都要承担事故受害者的全部费用。为控制开支,同业合作社也颁布了相应的安全规章,建立了监督制度,这样在德国便形成了一种双重劳动保护制度。其中既有国家制定的一般性法律和规章,也有同业合作社的具体的事故预防规章。这种双重体制一直保留至今,不仅在世界上受到重视,而且特别有效。
German national labor protection began in 1853, when a law was enacted to establish a system of factory inspectors (equivalent to our country’s safety and labor health supervisors) system to oversee the implementation of safety regulations by enterprises. In 1884, a non-state accident insurance company was formed to protect workers ’safety and protect workers’ rights. The law obligates business owners to form so-called peer cooperatives (equivalent to our country’s industrial companies and industrial systems) by industry and regularly pay a percentage of the total salary as commonweal funds to help workers suffering from occupational diseases and work-related injuries . Regardless of the person responsible for the accident, the accident insurance company must bear the full cost of the victims of the accident. In order to control expenses, the co-operative cooperatives also promulgated corresponding safety regulations and established a supervision system, so that a double labor protection system was formed in Germany. Among these are not only the general laws and regulations formulated by the state, but also the specific accident prevention regulations of the co-operatives. This dual system has been retained so far, not only in the world, but also particularly effective.