在许多不发达国家,尤其是在拉丁美洲和亚洲的不发达国家,占支配地位的工业化战略一直是生产替代进口的消费品。进口替代方式除了使国内能够生产替代当前市场需求的产品之外,还由于人们认为它有助于解决发展中国家的国际收支问题,而具有相当大的吸引力。尽管进口替代政策被广泛采用,实际上主要考虑是工业化和国际收支平衡这两个目标,但这项政策却一向是用许多贸易保护主义者的观点来解释的。工业保护主义的辩护者们提出 In many underdeveloped countries, especially in Latin America and Asia’s underdeveloped countries, the dominant industrialization strategy has been to produce substitute consumer goods. In addition to making domestic alternative products capable of producing products that replace current market demands, import substitution methods are also quite attractive because they are believed to help resolve the balance of payments issues of developing countries. Although the import substitution policy has been widely adopted, the two main objectives of industrialization and balance of payments are actually considered. However, this policy has always been explained by many trade protectionists. Defenders of industrial protectionism proposed