四、翰林与文化专制数千年来,中国历代中央政权通常较为强大,必有其深刻的社会历史原因。一方面是频繁的自然灾害、辽阔的国土、恶劣的周边环境;一方面是一盘散沙般的农牧经济、低下的生产力和众多的人口。为应对上述问题,早 Fourth, the Hanlin and cultural despotic For thousands of years, the Chinese central government is usually more powerful, must have its profound social and historical reasons. On the one hand, there are frequent natural disasters, vast territories, and harsh surrounding areas. On the one hand, there is a scattered agrarian economy, low productivity and a large population. To deal with the above problems, early