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基于混凝土面板砂砾石坝溃决机理,提出了一种模拟其漫顶溃决过程的数值计算方法。该方法针对砂砾石料级配范围宽,最大颗粒与最小颗粒粒径相差大的特点,引入与水流方向垂直的附加作用力来考虑粗颗粒对细颗粒的阻拦、遮蔽以及细颗粒对粗颗粒的包围、填实等作用,导出了能较为合理反映砂砾石料特性的临界起动流速;建议了一个砂砾石料的冲蚀公式,给出了面板折断时间与坝体冲蚀量之间的数学表达式,较为合理地确定面板的折断时刻。利用该方法对青海省沟后水库面板砂砾石坝的溃决过程进行了模拟计算,得出的溃口发展规律与溃坝洪水流量过程与溃坝调查结果大体相符,验证了其合理性。
Based on the failure mechanism of concrete face of gravel dams, a numerical method to simulate the process of collapse is proposed. In view of the grading range of sand and gravel aggregate and the large difference between the maximum particle and the minimum particle size, this method introduces the additional force perpendicular to the flow direction to consider the blocking and shielding of the coarse particles and the surrounding of the coarse particles by the fine particles , Filling and so on, derived the critical starting flow rate that can reasonably reflect the characteristics of gravel materials; proposed a sand gravel erosion equation, gives the mathematical expression between the panel break time and dam erosion, more Reasonable to determine the break time of the panel. This method is used to simulate the process of the collapse of the Gouhou Reservoir Panel Grit Dam in Qinghai Province. The results show that the development of the breach and the dam failure flood flow are in good agreement with the dam failure investigation results, which proves the rationality.