论文部分内容阅读
劝说性书信（Persuasive Letter）的语言应该委婉、有逻辑以起到说服作用。这种文体要求作者能换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。为了让对方更容易接受，这种信往往需要在肯定对方的基础上提出自己建议与看法，以免别人认为你是在投诉而不是劝说。
劝说性书信的结构应该如何把握？以下面这篇作文为例：
假如你是李明，学校领导和教师因为担心学生浏览不健康网站，关闭了教室网络，你们感到很难过。请你给校长写一封120字左右的信，劝说校长同意开通教室内的网络。
Dear headmaster，
I’m writing to persuade you to let us surf the Internet in the classroom. We know you’re afraid that we may be exposed to unhealthy websites. Actually every coin has two sides. We still think that surfing the Internet can bring us more advantages.
First of all， I think it would be better if we could surf the Internet， because there is a wide range of learning resources on the Internet. We should make good use of it. Furthermore， we can broaden our horizons by reading various news online. Last but not least， as high school students， we are building up our sense of judgement. Given chances， we are sure that we will learn how to stay away from unhealthy websites.
I do hope you can take my advice into consideration and make a final decision. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Ming
结构上作者分三步走。第一段作者先站在校长的角度出发，表达出对他们初衷的理解（We know you’re afraid that we may be exposed to unhealthy websites），再表明自己写信的目的。第二段作为文章主体部分，主要表述劝说的具体原因。首先作者运用了逻辑衔接词first of all， furthermore， last but not least， 使观点层次分明。在具体的说服内容上，分了三方面，前两个方面客观地阐明教室开放网络的好处，以理服人。最后一点从校长的担忧入手，强调高中生有能力作出理性判断，可以自觉杜绝网络的不良影响，以消除其担忧， 再次体现了换位思考，有很强的说服力。第三段则再次表达写信目的和期望。
从中可总结以下写作模板：
Dear ，
Glad to hear from you. I’m sorry to hear that you . I’m writing to .
First of all， I think it would be better if . Secondly， . Last but not least， .
I do hope you can take my advice into consideration and make a final decision. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
[常用表达]
首段：1. After I read your letter， I am sorry to know that ...
2. I know you have trouble in ...
3. I’m writing to persuade you to ...
4. In my opinion， it would be wise of you to take the following action.
主体段：1. If I were you， I would ...
2. First of all， I think it would be better if ...
3. I think it would be more beneficial if you could ...
4. Personally speaking， I really hope ...
结尾段：1. I hope you will take my advice into consideration.
2. I hope you will find these suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
3. Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
4. I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions. 试题呈现
假如你是高三学生李华，你的一个在外地读书的同学张力给你写信，向你诉说他最近因为身体不好而影响学习的情况，并且坦言自己平时学习忙，很少锻炼。请根据这一情况给他写一封120字左右的说服性信函，鼓励他积极锻炼身体，从而为更好地学习打下基础。
[习作1]
Dear Zhang Li，
I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now.
I have learned that you are always absorbed in studying without exercise， which expose you less to the sunshine outside. Although studying can rich your eyes and get over the gap， it can’t cure yourself of the physical shortcoming in your body. With many things learned， it’s obvious that you know that the good command of what you have learned is based on good health.
It would be wise of you to take the following action. First of all， you can play some sports you like. Second， a balanced of diet can help you keep a good health and a nice interest in study. it’s suggested that the diet have a large part of fruit and vegetable. Finally， the good time schedule between studying and daily life could be beneficial to you.
I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
Yours，
Li Hua
这是一篇中档习作。其优点是：
1. 作者运用了衔接词，观点清晰，层次分明；
2. 作者有一定的语言输出能力，能够活学活用，将我们高中阶段所学的重点短语如expose oneself to， cure sb. of sth.， be based on用得恰如其分；
3. 句式结构多样。除了一般的简单句，作者还穿插了一些高级句式，如with的复合结构with many thing learned。
不足之处是：
1. 作者审题不明确，脱离主题。此文为劝说信，目的在于说服张力克服学习忙的困难而去锻炼身体，而非教导张力如何高效学习。作者在第三段提到的均衡饮食和合理安排时间表都是suggestions，而非convincing reasons，建议和劝说的理由这两者概念未分清，从而导致文章跑题；
2. 个别表达不正确，基本知识掌握不牢固。a balanced of diet应去掉of。rich your eyes应为do good to your eyes；
3. 语感培养不够，存在个别不地道的中式英语表达。如the diet have a large part of fruit and vegetable应改为a balanced diet should include a certain amount of fruit and vegetables。
[习作2]
Dear Zhang Li，
I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now. So occupied are you in studies that you just ignore your health. Actually， life would be meaningless without health.
There is no doubt that being absorbed in studies is of great importance for our students. However， keeping healthy is also what it takes to succeed. It is known that working out regularly will surely contribute to building up our body. Meanwhile， it can also help to make us refreshed and energetic， which is beneficial to our future studies. What’s more， you are in the mistaken belief that doing sports is time-consuming and runs in conflict with your studies. squeezing time daily such as ten minutes to jog can also make a big difference. Best wishes to you and I do hope you will find my suggestions practical and helpful.
Yours，
Li Hua
这是一篇高档习作：
1. 文章结构清晰，三段各有侧重。合理使用衔接词过渡语（actually， however， meanwhile， what’s more）使文章紧凑自然，观点分明；
2. 语言礼貌委婉，态度不强硬。作者能站在别人角度思考问题。如第一段开头的问候关心I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now，第二段开头的先肯定后提建议There is no doubt that being absorbed in studies is of great importance for our students. However， keeping healthy is also what it takes to succeed。此外，在具体的劝说过程中，作者没有用should， have to， ought to这类命令性口吻，而是用了如there is no doubt that ...，it is known that ...这类句型，从常理出发，使观点更容易被接受；
3. 词汇、句式丰富，活学活用。作者用了beneficial，time-consuming，refreshed这类高级词汇。在短语方面，作者则用了be occupied with， be of great importance， work out regularly， be in the mistaken belief， run in conflict with， make a difference这类高级表达。在句型方面，长短句结合，使文章张弛有度。
以下句式我们可以借鉴：
So occupied are you in studies that you just ignore your health. （so ... that ... 位于句首部分倒装）
Keeping healthy is also what it takes to succeed. （what引导的表语从句）
It can also help to make us refreshed and energetic， which is beneficial to our future studies. （定语从句）
It is known that working out regularly will surely contribute to building up our body. （it充当形式主语）
You are in the mistaken belief that doing sports is time-consuming and runs in conflict with your studies. （解释mistaken belief的同位语从句）
增分短语
运动的具体好处（相关词汇短语）：
reduce your risk of being exposed to （being infected with） illness
keep away form virus or flu
boost your blood circulation
boost your energy/make you energetic
contribute to/be of great benefit to your physical fitness
strengthen our physique/build up our body
lift up our spirits
relieve pressure/ease the tension
refresh our mind from brainwork all day and night
work more actively and creatively/study efficiently and effectively
[增分句式]
1. So absorbed in study are you that rarely do you have a chance to exercise.
2. We can never stress the importance of/place an emphasis on health too much.
3. Health is the first wealth.
4. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
5. A happy and healthy life lies in a healthy body and sharp mind.
6. Health is the basis on which our study can be improved.
7. Health lays a solid foundation for our future life.
8. Exercising has a direct link to our physical fitness and mental health， without which we can’t study efficiently and effectively.
9. If your health breaks down， your whole life will fall into ruins，
10. Squeeze time to work out now and then.
劝说性书信的结构应该如何把握？以下面这篇作文为例：
假如你是李明，学校领导和教师因为担心学生浏览不健康网站，关闭了教室网络，你们感到很难过。请你给校长写一封120字左右的信，劝说校长同意开通教室内的网络。
Dear headmaster，
I’m writing to persuade you to let us surf the Internet in the classroom. We know you’re afraid that we may be exposed to unhealthy websites. Actually every coin has two sides. We still think that surfing the Internet can bring us more advantages.
First of all， I think it would be better if we could surf the Internet， because there is a wide range of learning resources on the Internet. We should make good use of it. Furthermore， we can broaden our horizons by reading various news online. Last but not least， as high school students， we are building up our sense of judgement. Given chances， we are sure that we will learn how to stay away from unhealthy websites.
I do hope you can take my advice into consideration and make a final decision. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Ming
结构上作者分三步走。第一段作者先站在校长的角度出发，表达出对他们初衷的理解（We know you’re afraid that we may be exposed to unhealthy websites），再表明自己写信的目的。第二段作为文章主体部分，主要表述劝说的具体原因。首先作者运用了逻辑衔接词first of all， furthermore， last but not least， 使观点层次分明。在具体的说服内容上，分了三方面，前两个方面客观地阐明教室开放网络的好处，以理服人。最后一点从校长的担忧入手，强调高中生有能力作出理性判断，可以自觉杜绝网络的不良影响，以消除其担忧， 再次体现了换位思考，有很强的说服力。第三段则再次表达写信目的和期望。
从中可总结以下写作模板：
Dear ，
Glad to hear from you. I’m sorry to hear that you . I’m writing to .
First of all， I think it would be better if . Secondly， . Last but not least， .
I do hope you can take my advice into consideration and make a final decision. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
[常用表达]
首段：1. After I read your letter， I am sorry to know that ...
2. I know you have trouble in ...
3. I’m writing to persuade you to ...
4. In my opinion， it would be wise of you to take the following action.
主体段：1. If I were you， I would ...
2. First of all， I think it would be better if ...
3. I think it would be more beneficial if you could ...
4. Personally speaking， I really hope ...
结尾段：1. I hope you will take my advice into consideration.
2. I hope you will find these suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
3. Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
4. I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions. 试题呈现
假如你是高三学生李华，你的一个在外地读书的同学张力给你写信，向你诉说他最近因为身体不好而影响学习的情况，并且坦言自己平时学习忙，很少锻炼。请根据这一情况给他写一封120字左右的说服性信函，鼓励他积极锻炼身体，从而为更好地学习打下基础。
[习作1]
Dear Zhang Li，
I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now.
I have learned that you are always absorbed in studying without exercise， which expose you less to the sunshine outside. Although studying can rich your eyes and get over the gap， it can’t cure yourself of the physical shortcoming in your body. With many things learned， it’s obvious that you know that the good command of what you have learned is based on good health.
It would be wise of you to take the following action. First of all， you can play some sports you like. Second， a balanced of diet can help you keep a good health and a nice interest in study. it’s suggested that the diet have a large part of fruit and vegetable. Finally， the good time schedule between studying and daily life could be beneficial to you.
I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.
Yours，
Li Hua
这是一篇中档习作。其优点是：
1. 作者运用了衔接词，观点清晰，层次分明；
2. 作者有一定的语言输出能力，能够活学活用，将我们高中阶段所学的重点短语如expose oneself to， cure sb. of sth.， be based on用得恰如其分；
3. 句式结构多样。除了一般的简单句，作者还穿插了一些高级句式，如with的复合结构with many thing learned。
不足之处是：
1. 作者审题不明确，脱离主题。此文为劝说信，目的在于说服张力克服学习忙的困难而去锻炼身体，而非教导张力如何高效学习。作者在第三段提到的均衡饮食和合理安排时间表都是suggestions，而非convincing reasons，建议和劝说的理由这两者概念未分清，从而导致文章跑题；
2. 个别表达不正确，基本知识掌握不牢固。a balanced of diet应去掉of。rich your eyes应为do good to your eyes；
3. 语感培养不够，存在个别不地道的中式英语表达。如the diet have a large part of fruit and vegetable应改为a balanced diet should include a certain amount of fruit and vegetables。
[习作2]
Dear Zhang Li，
I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now. So occupied are you in studies that you just ignore your health. Actually， life would be meaningless without health.
There is no doubt that being absorbed in studies is of great importance for our students. However， keeping healthy is also what it takes to succeed. It is known that working out regularly will surely contribute to building up our body. Meanwhile， it can also help to make us refreshed and energetic， which is beneficial to our future studies. What’s more， you are in the mistaken belief that doing sports is time-consuming and runs in conflict with your studies. squeezing time daily such as ten minutes to jog can also make a big difference. Best wishes to you and I do hope you will find my suggestions practical and helpful.
Yours，
Li Hua
这是一篇高档习作：
1. 文章结构清晰，三段各有侧重。合理使用衔接词过渡语（actually， however， meanwhile， what’s more）使文章紧凑自然，观点分明；
2. 语言礼貌委婉，态度不强硬。作者能站在别人角度思考问题。如第一段开头的问候关心I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now，第二段开头的先肯定后提建议There is no doubt that being absorbed in studies is of great importance for our students. However， keeping healthy is also what it takes to succeed。此外，在具体的劝说过程中，作者没有用should， have to， ought to这类命令性口吻，而是用了如there is no doubt that ...，it is known that ...这类句型，从常理出发，使观点更容易被接受；
3. 词汇、句式丰富，活学活用。作者用了beneficial，time-consuming，refreshed这类高级词汇。在短语方面，作者则用了be occupied with， be of great importance， work out regularly， be in the mistaken belief， run in conflict with， make a difference这类高级表达。在句型方面，长短句结合，使文章张弛有度。
以下句式我们可以借鉴：
So occupied are you in studies that you just ignore your health. （so ... that ... 位于句首部分倒装）
Keeping healthy is also what it takes to succeed. （what引导的表语从句）
It can also help to make us refreshed and energetic， which is beneficial to our future studies. （定语从句）
It is known that working out regularly will surely contribute to building up our body. （it充当形式主语）
You are in the mistaken belief that doing sports is time-consuming and runs in conflict with your studies. （解释mistaken belief的同位语从句）
增分短语
运动的具体好处（相关词汇短语）：
reduce your risk of being exposed to （being infected with） illness
keep away form virus or flu
boost your blood circulation
boost your energy/make you energetic
contribute to/be of great benefit to your physical fitness
strengthen our physique/build up our body
lift up our spirits
relieve pressure/ease the tension
refresh our mind from brainwork all day and night
work more actively and creatively/study efficiently and effectively
[增分句式]
1. So absorbed in study are you that rarely do you have a chance to exercise.
2. We can never stress the importance of/place an emphasis on health too much.
3. Health is the first wealth.
4. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
5. A happy and healthy life lies in a healthy body and sharp mind.
6. Health is the basis on which our study can be improved.
7. Health lays a solid foundation for our future life.
8. Exercising has a direct link to our physical fitness and mental health， without which we can’t study efficiently and effectively.
9. If your health breaks down， your whole life will fall into ruins，
10. Squeeze time to work out now and then.