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目的研究集体居住生活人群季节性流感疫苗的保护效果。方法按流感疫苗接种覆盖率将7家企业集体居住人群划分为A、B和C组,比较3组的流感发病率及组内接种与未接种人群的发病率,并计算各组疫苗保护率。结果 A、B和C组企业职工流感疫苗接种覆盖率分别为30.60%、64.69%和80.64%,疫苗接种后1年内甲型流感发病率分别为57.28‰、25.37‰和8.60‰,均低于接种前2年发病率;3组免后1年内发病率进行两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),甲型流感年发病率随接种覆盖率增高而降低(P<0.05)。A、B、C组职工免后1年内的疫苗保护率及95%可信区间分别为61.93%(46.63%~72.85%)、86.51%(78.57%~91.50%)和86.22%(79.18%~90.88%);B组和C组的疫苗保护率均高于A组。结论接种季节性流感疫苗对预防流感效果明显;在集体居住生活人群中,提高疫苗接种覆盖率可提高疫苗保护率。
Objective To study the protective effect of seasonal influenza vaccine in collective living population. Methods According to the coverage rate of influenza vaccination, the group of 7 enterprises were divided into groups A, B and C. The prevalence of influenza in the three groups and the incidence of vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in the three groups were compared, and the vaccine protection rate of each group was calculated. Results The coverage rate of influenza vaccination among workers in groups A, B and C was 30.60%, 64.69% and 80.64% respectively. The incidence rates of influenza A within one year after vaccination were 57.28 ‰, 25.37 ‰ and 8.60 ‰, respectively, The morbidity in the first two years was significantly lower than that in the first two years. The morbidity in each group was statistically significant (P <0.01). The annual morbidity of influenza A was decreased with the increase of inoculation coverage (P <0.05). Vaccine protection rates and 95% confidence intervals for workers in groups A, B and C within one year of exemptions were 61.93% (46.63% -72.85%), 86.51% (78.57% -91.50%) and 86.22% (79.18% -90.88%, respectively) %). The vaccine protection rates in groups B and C were higher than those in group A. Conclusions Vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine has obvious effect on preventing influenza. In the collective living population, increasing vaccine coverage can improve vaccine protection rate.