股份制和股份合作制股份制和股份合作制，是我国现阶段公有制重要和有效的实现形式。股份制产生于17世纪，19世纪以后在资本主义社会得到了广泛的发展，目前在世界上大多数国家仍夭兴未艾。股份制（在此指有限责任公司和股份有限么司）的主要优点是：（1）能够实现融资渠道的社 Joint-stock system and joint-stock cooperative system and joint-stock cooperative system are the important and effective forms of public ownership at the present stage of our country. The shareholding system came into being in the 17th century. After the 19th century, the capitalist society was extensively developed. At present, most countries in the world are still in the ascendant. The major advantages of the joint-stock system (here limited liability companies and limited shares) are: (1) companies that have access to financing