OBJECTIVE:To explore the anticancer mechanismof aqueous extract of Taxus Chinensis (Pilger) Rehd (AETC).METHODS: The serum pharmacological method was used to avoid interference from administration of the crude medicinal herbs. Eight purebred New Zealand rabbits were used for preparation of serum containing various concentrations of AETC. Forty-eightBalb/c-nu mice were used for in vivo experiments. The effects of serum containing AETC on the proliferation of A549 cells and expression levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase(EGFR/MAPK) pathway-related proteins in vitro were investigated. Additionally, the effects on the growth of A549 xenografts in nudemice,and expression levels of the EGFR/MAPK pathway-related proteins in the xenografts,were investigated.RESULTS: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay revealed that the serum containing AETC significantly decreased the viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Western blot showed that the serum containing various concentrations of AETC strongly reduced the levels of phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2(ERK1/2) while it increased the level of p-p38. However, no significant effects on the expression levels of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK were found. In addition, an anticancer effect from AETC was observed invivo in the Balb/c-nu mice bearing A549xenografts.CONCLUSION: AETC has significant effects on the growth of A549 xenografts and on the activity of the EGFR/MAPK pathway. Therefore, AETC may be beneficial in lung carcinoma treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the anticancer mechanism of aqueous extract of Taxus Chinensis (Pilger) Rehd (AETC). METHODS: The serum pharmacological method was used to avoid interference from administration of the crude medicinal herbs. Eight purebred New Zealand rabbits were used for preparation of serum The effects of serum containing AETC on the proliferation of A549 cells and expression levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor / mitogen-activated protein kinase (EGFR / MAPK) pathway-related proteins in vitro were investigated. Additionally, the effects on the growth of A549 xenografts in nudemice, and expression levels of the EGFR / MAPK pathway-related proteins in the xenografts, were investigated .RESULTS: 3- (4 , 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay that the serum containing AETC significantly decreased the viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent man ner. Western blot showed that the serum containing various concentrations of AETC strongly reduced the levels of phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1 / 2) while it increased the level of p-p38. However, no significant effects on the expression levels of JNK, ERK1 / 2, and p38 MAPK were found. In addition, an anticancer effect from AETC was observed invivo in the Balb / c-nu mice bearing A549 xenografts. : AETC has significant effects on the growth of A549 xenografts and on the activity of the EGFR / MAPK pathway. Thus, AETC may be beneficial in lung carcinoma treatment.