目的观察温石棉及4种主要代用纤维的有机酸溶解特性和V79细胞毒性,推测温石棉及代用纤维的致病机理。方法培养中国仓鼠肺细胞(V79细胞),MTT法检测细胞存活率;瑞姬氏染色检测细胞形态学;选择有机酸模拟人体弱酸性环境,溶解纤维粉尘24h,检测粉尘在有机酸溶解特性(pH值、电导率和溶蚀量)。结果温石棉及4种代用纤维对V79细胞具有细胞毒性,在不同有机酸中各粉尘组溶液的pH值、电导率和溶解量均不同,其变化趋势与其体外细胞毒性大小相关。结论温石棉及其代用品的不同有机酸溶解特性可能是其致细胞毒性的机理之一。 OBJECTIVE To observe the organic acid dissolution characteristics and V79 cytotoxicity of chrysotile and four major alternative fibers, and to speculate the pathogenic mechanism of chrysotile and alternative fibers. Methods Cell viability of Chinese hamster lung cells (V79) was detected by MTT assay. Morphology of cells was detected by Reichert stain. The organic acids were used to simulate human weak acid environment. Fiber dust was dissolved for 24 hours. Value, conductivity and dissolution amount). Results Chrysotile and four kinds of alternative fibers were cytotoxic to V79 cells. The pH value, conductivity and dissolved amount of different solutions were different in different organic acids, and their changing tendency was related to their cytotoxicity in vitro. Conclusions The different organic acids dissolution characteristics of chrysotile and its substitutes may be one of the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity.