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采用测土配方施肥技术,开展玉米田肥料利用率试验。结果表明,试验所采用配方施肥比常规施肥对玉米增产显著,增产率7.94%,缺氮、磷、钾任何一种元素都会明显影响到玉米产量;绥阳县黄壤土上玉米测土配方施肥每形成100kg经济产量,N、P2O5、K2O养分的吸收量分别为1.84、0.39、1.16 kg,氮、磷、钾肥的肥料利用率分别为32.59%、14.40%、15.89%。比常规施肥氮、磷肥利用率分别提高7.52%、8.65%,钾肥由于用量增加,受效率递减律影响,利用率比常规施肥降低3.60%,但3元素合计,肥料利用率提高12.57%。所以应根据土壤类型等因素有针对性地进行肥料配方施用,既能提高肥料利用率,减少肥料浪费,又能增加产量。试验所获取的100 kg经济产量养分吸收量等数据,与一般资料介绍的大众参考数据有比较大的差别,所以本地数据必须通过本地试验获取,才符合本地实际,不宜用经验值代替。
Using soil testing and fertilizer technology, to carry out maize field fertilizer utilization test. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, the formula fertilization applied in the experiment significantly increased corn yield by 7.94%, and any element of nitrogen deficiency, phosphorus and potassium could obviously affect the yield of corn. The formula fertilization of corn on yellow loam soil in Suiyang County The yield of N, P2O5 and K2O was 1.84, 0.39 and 1.16 kg, respectively. The fertilizer utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 32.59%, 14.40% and 15.89%, respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilizer application, the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was decreased by 3.60% compared with the conventional fertilization, but the utilization rate of fertilizer was increased by 12.57%. Therefore, according to the type of soil and other factors targeted fertilizer application, both to improve fertilizer utilization, reduce fertilizer waste, but also increase production. The data of nutrient absorption amount of 100 kg economic yield obtained from the test are quite different from the general reference data provided by the general information. Therefore, the local data must be obtained through local tests to meet local conditions and should not be replaced by experience values.